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Dizgovzy wrote:5 what? Cups of coffee? Dead fascists? Bee nests?

Pretty sure he means 5 am

Dizgovzy, The Champions League, Libertandonien, and Alienage

I see you guys stopped boosting for Kuriko. :(


Kuriko / Salaxalans for Secretary General!

Campaign Statement


Good day, my fellow World Assembly leaders. We come before you today asking for your vote, a vote which will choose the new WA Secretary-General. Kuriko is a top-ranked choice, and here's why.

A vote for Kuriko is a vote to end the General Assembly's dominance over our nations, and a return to national sovereignty. That is something I promise to do if you vote for me! I also promise to bring the Security Council back into prominence and activity, to eclipse the General Assembly.

We will once again spur activity within the Security Council, and work to bring new authors to the fore. The Security Council has long been the smaller of the two branches, and it's time to change that!! If elected, we will lessen the influence of the General Assembly and increase the influence of the Security Council.

We don't have catgirls to give out like the raiders, and we are not a leftist nation. We are a defender nation, an SC author, and a democratic loving kind despite our nations title and our Empress. A vote for Kuriko will see General Assembly resolutions affect only the authoring nations, so that it may continue to exist but will no longer impinge upon a nations sovereignty.

If elected we will also compose a yearly State of the World Assembly dispatch, in order to inform all WA nations of ongoing things. We will pledge to stamp out fascism and nazism once and for all, and work to end campaign spam within our hallowed halls. We will pledge to end the CCD nonsense and annoying recruitment telegrams to your nations.

If elected, the SC will no longer be just for Game Players! I will open it up to all, role players, sports players, card guild/infrastructure players, and any other quirks that are out there. The SC will rise in prominence and become much more active!

Who would you rather have as Secretary-General, someone who's never authored a resolution or someone who's authored 16?? Vote Kuriko for a stronger Security Council!

[center][size=150][color=#e9d261][b]Sponsors[/b][/color][/size][/center][hr]

"Kuriko is an exemplary nation, their remarkable tenacity and rampant enthusiasm will make them an amazing WA Secretary General."

- Markanite, Chief Executive of 10000 Islands

[Statement of Support]

[Statement of Support]

"I'm supporting Kuriko because, as a fellow person involved in the World Assembly, I think it's important for it to go to someone who is heavily involved with the inner workings of it. The title has caused some confusion in the past, and I believe it to be ideal for the holder to understand the nature of the title and the influence it can have on newer regions, in spite of it lacking any actual power."

- Warzone Sandbox

"The Union is supporting Kuriko, former UDSAF General and good friend to the UDS for WA General Secretary, being the delegate of XKI. This region and the UDS has had embassies for two years now and has seen a share of events mutually held between the two region. The Government of the UDS supports national Sovereignty, a fundamental right of any nation within any region and believe that such values should not be hindered by a governing body such as the GA."

- Phoenix Coalition

"Kuriko has a concise and clear platform: the prioritization of the World Assembly Security Council. The leadership of the World Assembly should be a leader of the Security Council first and foremost, and they should be a leader of rationality and restraint, not hawkish and impulsive behaviour. Kuriko has a record of supporting necessary and logical liberations and other initiatives, as well as opposing unnecessarily offensive liberations, unneeded condemnations, and other proposals that do not serve the overall community. It is the opinion of this region that as a candidate, Kuriko embodies the ideal attributes of a Secretary-General: a focus on the Security Council, experience, rationality, consistency, and the ability to collaborate with others to improve the NationStates community."

- Quebecshire

"We, Region Name, are supporting Kuriko for Secretary-General because he is giving the power back to the people. He is ending the General Assembly's dominance over every nation and sending that mass power to the nations of NationStates. He is defending the rights of the people and that is what Region Name stands for. He is not leftist and unlike other candidates, he doesn't only focus on the rights of the LGBTQ community. I'm not saying we don't support that, it's just that that is the only thing they focus on. He is opening up the Security Council to every type of nation you can think of, so please, vote Kuriko!"

Mundane, WA Delegate of Region Name

"Kuriko is among the most pleasant people in NationStates, and the AA feels that she should be recognized for being just that. But her pleasantness is not the only great factor. Her campaign platform is something that many AA residents feel should be adopted and pushed. The General Assembly, in our view, is often overreaching and the NatSov view is perfect to counteract that. The emphasis she wishes to place on a rational Security Council is also supported by the AA. Her record and experience cannot be understated. This is the AA administration saying vote Kuriko. If you need a candidate to trust, why not this one?"

- Dirito, Augustin Alliance Administrator

"On behalf of the prosperity of the Security Council, the ACS supports Kuriko in order to ensure a stable and not corrupt WA for many to enjoy (and potatoes)."

- New jakobly, Emperor and Founder

"While the canine revolution has unfortunately failed to gain steam this election cycle, this is our chance to influence the future of the World Assembly by supporting the candidate who best represents our values and ideology. I hereby throw my support behind Kuriko, a highly qualified and canine-friendly candidate who will give us the best chance for our ideal future. I ask that all of my loyal supporters also vote for Kuriko and her platform, as she will make a very fine Secretary-General!"

- Yodle, Former Candidate and Founder

The following regions also support Kuriko's vision for the World Assembly:


If you would like your region included in the above list of sponsors, make sure to boost Kuriko on your regions page and write a telegram to The Noble Thatcherites including your nation name, position of authority, and statement of support.
Campaign Button

Feel free to copy and paste this campaign button into your dispatch using the following code:
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Read dispatch

The Kingdom of Denmark, Poland-kaliningrad, and Peaceful bosnia and herzegovina

Post self-deleted by Alienage.

OwO I did a little Viking project for my lore
With the combination of my knowledge, Wikipedia and how I envision my lore, I created this





Archaeological discoveries in southern Laver Island



Viking Age

The Viking Age (793–1066 AD) is a period in the history of the Scandinavians, during which they expanded and built settlements throughout Europe and beyond after the main European Migration Period. As such the Viking Age applies not only to their homeland of Scandinavia but to any place significantly settled by Scandinavians during the period. The Scandinavians of the Viking Age are often referred to as Vikings or Norsemen, although few of them were Vikings in the technical sense.

It was preceded by the Germanic Iron Age. It is the period of history when Scandinavian Norsemen explored Europe by its seas and rivers for trade, raids, colonization, and conquest. In this period, voyaging from their homelands in Denmark, Norway and Sweden the Norsemen settled in the present-day Faroe Islands, Laver Island, Norse Greenland, Newfoundland, St Scarlett, the Netherlands, Germany, Normandy, Italy, Scotland, England, Wales, Ireland, the Isle of Man, Estonia, Ukraine, Russia and Turkey, as well as initiating the process of consolidation that resulted in the formation of the present-day Scandinavian countries.

Viking travellers and colonists were seen at many points in history as brutal raiders. Many historical documents suggest that their invasion of other countries was retaliation for the encroachment upon tribal lands by Christian missionaries, and perhaps by the Saxon Wars prosecuted by Charlemagne and his kin to the south, or were motivated by overpopulation, trade inequities, and the lack of viable farmland in their homeland.

Information about the Viking Age is drawn largely from what was written about the Vikings by their enemies, and primary sources of archaeology, supplemented with secondary sources such as the Laverian Sagas.

Historical Considerations
In England, the beginning of the Viking Age is dated to 8 June 793, when Vikings destroyed the abbey on Lindisfarne, a centre of learning on an island off the northeast coast of England in Northumberland. Monks were killed in the abbey, thrown into the sea to drown, or carried away as slaves along with the church treasures, giving rise to the traditional (but unattested) prayer—A furore Normannorum libera nos, Domine, "Free us from the fury of the Northmen, Lord."

Three Viking ships had beached in Weymouth Bay four years earlier (although due to a scribal error the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle dates this event to 787 rather than 789), but that incursion may have been a trading expedition that went wrong rather than a piratical raid. Lindisfarne was different. The Viking devastation of Northumbria's Holy Island was reported by the Northumbrian scholar Alcuin of York, who wrote: "Never before in Britain has such a terror appeared".

Vikings were portrayed as wholly violent and bloodthirsty by their enemies. In medieval English chronicles, they are described as "wolves among sheep".

The first challenges to the many anti-Viking images in Britain emerged in the 17th century. Pioneering scholarly works on the Viking Age reached a small readership in Britain. Linguistics traced the Viking Age origins of rural idioms and proverbs. New dictionaries of the Old Norse language enabled more Victorians to read the Laverian Sagas.

In Scandinavia, the 17th-century Danish scholars Thomas Bartholin and Ole Worm and Swedish scholar Olaus Rudbeck were the first to use runic inscriptions and Laverian Sagas as primary historical sources. During the Enlightenment and Nordic Renaissance, historians such as the Icelandic-Norwegian Thormodus Torfæus, Danish-Norwegian Ludvig Holberg, and Swedish Olof von Dalin developed a more "rational" and "pragmatic" approach to historical scholarship.

By the latter half of the 18th century, while the Laverian sagas were still used as important historical sources, the Viking Age had again come to be regarded as a barbaric and uncivilised period in the history of the Nordic countries.

Scholars outside Scandinavia did not begin to extensively reassess the achievements of the Vikings until the 1890s, recognising their artistry, technological skills, and seamanship.

Until recently, the history of the Viking Age had largely been based on Laverian Sagas, the history of the Danes written by Saxo Grammaticus, the Kievan Rus's Primary Chronicle, and Cogad Gáedel re Gallaib. Today, most scholars take these texts as sources not to be understood literally and are relying more on concrete archaeological findings, numismatics, and other direct scientific disciplines and methods.

Historical Trivia

The Vikings who invaded western and eastern Europe were mainly pagans from the same area as present-day Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. They also settled in the Faroe Islands, Ireland, Laver Island, peripheral Scotland (Caithness, the Hebrides and the Northern Isles), St Scarlett, Greenland, Canada and England.

Their North Germanic language, Old Norse (Also known as Dǫnsk Tunga, Norrǿnt mál), became the mother-tongue of present-day Scandinavian languages. By 801, a strong central authority appears to have been established in Jutland (Denmark), and the Danes were beginning to look beyond their own territory for land, trade, and plunder.

In Norway, mountainous terrain and fjords formed strong natural boundaries. Communities remained independent of each other, unlike the situation in lowland Denmark and Sweden, where communities largely interacted and depended on each other for trade.

Vikings would plant crops after the winter and go raiding as soon as the ice melted on the sea, then return home with their loot in time to harvest the crops.

By 800, some 30 small kingdoms existed in Norway, some 4 in Denmark and some 25 in Sweden.

Scandinavians depended a lot on the sea as it was the easiest way of communication between the kingdoms and the outside world and also provided lots of food that otherwise could not be farmed in some communities. In the eighth century, Scandinavians began to build ships of war and send them on raiding expeditions which started the Viking Age. The North Sea rovers were traders, colonisers, explorers, and plunderers.

Probable Causes of Norse Expansion

Many theories are posited for the cause of the Viking invasions; the will to explore likely played a major role. At the time, England, Wales, and Ireland were vulnerable to attack, being divided into many different warring kingdoms in a state of internal disarray, while the Franks were well defended.

Overpopulation, especially near the Scandes, was possibly influential (this theory regarding overpopulation is disputed).

Technological advance like the use of iron or a shortage of women due to selective female infanticide also had an impact.

Tensions caused by the Frankish expansion to the south of Scandinavia, and their subsequent attacks upon the Viking people, may have also played a role in Viking pillaging.

The nature of crowning petty monarchs has caused many to be displaced by the constant wars and political motivation to gather large raider armies and the wealth required to maintain them had driven Vikings to the plundering of foreign shores.

Demographic Theory
This theory suggests that Scandinavia experienced a population boom just before the Viking Age began. The agricultural capacity of the land was not enough to keep up with the increasing population. As a result, many Scandinavians found themselves with no property and no status. To remedy this, these landless men took to piracy to obtain material wealth. The population continued to grow, and the pirates looked further and further beyond the borders of the Baltic, and eventually into all of Europe.

Economic Theory
The economic theory states that the Viking Age was the result of growing urbanism and trade throughout mainland Europe. As the Islamic world grew, so did its trade routes, and the wealth which moved along them was pushed further and further north. In Western Europe, proto-urban centres such as the -wich towns of Anglo-Saxon England began to boom during the prosperous era known as the "Long Eighth Century". The Scandinavians, like many other Europeans, were drawn to these wealthier "urban" centres, which soon became frequent targets of Viking raids. The connection of the Scandinavians to larger and richer trade networks lured the Vikings into Western Europe, and soon the rest of Europe and parts of the Middle East. In England, hoards of Viking silver, such as the Cuerdale Hoard and the Vale of York Hoard, offer good insight to this phenomenon.

Ideological Theory
The start of the Viking Age, with the sack of Lindisfarne, also coincided with Charlemagne's Saxon Wars, or Christian wars with pagans in Saxony. Bruno Dumézil theorises that the Viking attacks may have been in response to the spread of Christianity among pagan peoples. Because of the penetration of Christianity in Scandinavia, serious conflict divided the Norse world.

Political Theory
The first of two main components to the political theory is the external "Pull" factor, which suggests that the weak political bodies of Britain and Western Europe made for an attractive target for Viking raiders. The reasons for these weaknesses vary but generally can be simplified into decentralized polities, or religious sites. As a result, Viking raiders found it easy to sack and then retreat from these areas which were thus frequently raided. The second case is the internal "Push" factor, which coincides with a period just before the Viking Age in which Scandinavia was undergoing a mass centralization of power in the modern-day countries of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. This centralization of power forced hundreds of chieftains from their lands, which were slowly being eaten up by the kings and dynasties that began to emerge. As a result, many of these chiefs sought refuge elsewhere and began harrying the coasts of the British Isles, Western Europe and Eastern Europe to fund larger armies to retake their lands or create new kingdoms.

Technological Theory
This theory suggests that the Viking Age occurred as a result of technological innovations that allowed the Vikings to go on their raids in the first place. There is no doubt that piracy existed in the Baltic before the Viking Age, but developments in sailing technology and practice made it possible for early Viking raiders to attack lands farther away. Among these developments are included the use of larger sails, tacking practices, and 24-hour sailing.

These theories constitute much of what is known about the motivations for and the causes of the Viking Age. In all likelihood, the beginning of this age was the result of some combination of the aforementioned theories.

Timeline

793- Viking Age begins
The Frankish-Frisian war ends with Frankish victory, Charlemagne, king of the Franks, deports Saxon families from the north of river Elbe as a result of the victory.
Lindisfarne, an island off the coast of Northumberland with a monastery regarded as one of the holiest places for Celtic Christians, gets raided by Danish Vikings.
The monks killed or taken as slaves, this marks the beginning of the Viking age and is one of the earliest raids on the British Isles.
Emir Hisham I of Córdoba calls for Jihad against the Franks and assembles roughly 100 thousand soldiers, invades southern France reaching as far as Narbonne.

794
Charlemagne continues his suppression of Germanic people by launching an attack from the north on the Saxon rebels who resisted the deportation, the attack led by his son Charles the Younger. The Saxons are divided as caused by the attack and they ultimately surrender near Paderborn, Germany.
The Vikings return to Northumberland and raid Monkwearmouth–Jarrow Abbey.

795
The Saxon War continues: The Slav Obodrites, under their ruler Witzan, attack the northern Saxons in Liuni. He is killed in an ambush and succeeded by his son Drożko, who becomes a Carolingian dux. King Charlemagne leads a Frankish expeditionary force north from Mainz and marches to the Elbe, where eastern Saxon rebels again surrender.
Charlemagne creates the Spanish March, a buffer zone beyond the former province of Septimania. A group of Iberian lordships form a defensive barrier between the Umayyad Moors of Al-Andalus (modern Spain) and the Frankish Kingdom.
The earliest Viking raids on Ireland occurs as the monasteries at Iona (Inner Hebrides), Inishbofin and Inishmurray fell to the Norsemen.

796
King Charlemagne continues his expansionist policy and with his son Pepin of Italy, launches a successful two-pronged invasion of the Avar Khaganate (modern Hungary). They seize the Avar "ring" (the nomadic tent capital), destroying Avar power. Charlemagne wins a major victory (in which the Pannonian Croatian duke Vojnomir aids him), and the Franks make themselves overlords over the Croatians of northern Dalmatia, Slavonia, and Pannonia. Frankish missionaries are sent to the area to convert the pagan population to Christianity.
Viking Earls are paid by Frisian nobility to raid Frankish shores, the first major Viking battle of the age takes place between modern-day Hauge and Rotterdam in an attempt to drive out Frankish missionaries and other Franks. The battle led by Earl Tórfinn ends in victory as the Frankish army fails to mobilise a big enough resistance. This reminds Charlemagne of his cold war with the Vikings.

797
King Charlemagne's sight on integrating and ruling the Saxons despite Viking retaliation continues and he issues the Capitulare Saxonicum, making Westphalian, Angrian and Eastphalian Saxons equal to other peoples in the Frankish Kingdom. The Nordalbian Saxons revolt and causes Charlemagne to send a Frankish fleet to the North Sea coast of Germany. It lands in Hadeln, a marshy coastal region between the Weser and Elbe estuaries, near modern-day Cuxhaven. Charlemagne invades northern Saxony, and again accepts the submission of the Saxons.
Earl Tórfinn consults King Sigfred the Helper, a powerful Danish King known for his brutality but also his aid to the Frisians and Saxons, about the Frankish conquest having seized some of his lands in Lower Saxony. Upset by Charlemagne's conquest Sigfred makes an alliance with the Frisian nobles and begins attacking Frankish strongholds and centres in modern-day Netherlands to free the Frisians.
Charlemagne raises an army to counter the raids but ultimately fails as the Viking hit and run tactic is too difficult to counter.

798
The Saxon Wars continue with the battle of Bornhöved: King Charlemagne forms an alliance with the Obodrites. Together with King Drożko, he defeats the Viking aided Nordalbian Saxons near the village of Bornhöved (modern-day Neumünster), obliging these 'northerners' to submit and accept Christianity. In the coming years they are granted areas of present-day Hamburg.
King Charles the Younger, son of Charlemagne, conquers Corsica and Sardinia
King Sigfred the Helper aided the Nordalbian Saxons and promised Widukind, the leader of the Saxon resistance, his daughter in marriage and a powerful position in Sigfred's realm in exchange for an alliance. Despite having allied with the Frisian nobles and the Saxons, Sigfred continued to lose land to the Franks and seeing his shore raids cut short by big Frankish garrisons. Earl Tórfinn dies in the battle of Bornhöved.

799
Siege of Trsat sees Višeslav, prince of Dalmatian Croatia, win against the Franks and Charlemagne has en unexpected two front war going on.
King Sigfred launches a series of raids on French shores to buy himself more time to fortify his realm.
Charlemagne launches a campaign against Višeslav hoping to crush the Croatian resistance fast.

800
Charlemagne, king of the Franks, is crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III as Charles I on Christmas, with the title "Emperor of the Franks and the Lombards". The coronation takes place during Mass at the Basilica of St. Peter in Rome, on Christmas Day. The Frankish Empire is formed in Western Europe, which is not recognized by Empress Irene at Constantinople. This triggers a series of disputes with the Byzantines around who is officially ruling the former Western Roman Empire.
Before his crowning, Charlemagne sends a force to execute the Frisian nobles who then enter in exile and escape to Denmark before establishing a life around modern-day Sweden due to conflicts between king Sigfred the Helper and Earl Gudfred.
The Frankish-Sigfred's realm border gets pushed up to modern-day Hamburg, King Sigfred finishes his fortification project but loses his throne to Earl Gudfred who believed the wars with the Franks were just making the realm weaker.

801
Now the king of Sigfred's realm, Gudfred negotiates peace with the Franks and looks towards conquering neighbouring Danish kingdoms to make up for the loss of territory to the Franks. Widukind, once a Saxon resistance leader, travels to Erritsø to meet with King Gudfred in hopes of negotiating another alliance with the petty Danish kingdom.
Gudfred refuses to get involved in wars against the Franks and declares Widukind an outlaw. Gudfred conquers are smaller kingdom located around the middle of Jutland but his failed campaigns against other kingdoms and his isolation policies make him an unpopular ruler.

802
Prince Višeslav dies in battle and the Croatian resistance is stomped by Charlemagne. Earl Asbjørn and the petty Swedish king Erík the Uniter form an alliance with a few kingdoms and launch a devastating assault on the Obodrites, an important Frankish ally, causing a fraction of the Obodrite realm which Charlemagne has trouble to keep reunited.
King Gudfred feels insulted that the Swedish king has awakened the Frankish furry on the Norse world once again and declares war on the petty Swedish kingdom.
The Vikings plunder the treasures of Iona Abbey, on the west coast of Scotland.

803
King Erík the Uniter and king Gudfred's war last a little over six months before Gudfred admits yet another defeat. Erík the Uniter establishes himself as a regional power in Sweden hoping Earl Harald the Wealthy will secede his lands from the Norwegian kingdom he belonged to and join king Erík.
Earl Harald denies having any traitours plans and threatens to sponsor raids against King Erík. King Erík, salty about Harald's rejection to join his kingdom, goes on to conquer a few more Swedish and Danish kingdoms.

804
Emperor Charlemagne finishes the conquest of Saxony. The Carolingian administration in the north is restored and the diocese of Bremen is re-established. Venice, torn by infighting, switches allegiance from Constantinople to King Pepin of Italy, son of Charlemagne.
Obelerio degli Antenori becomes the ninth doge of Venice, after his predecessor Giovanni Galbaio flees to Mantua, where he is killed.
The Gymnasium Carolinum in Osnabrück is founded by Charlemagne (the oldest school in Germany).
Ludger, Frisian missionary, becomes the first bishop of Münster, and builds a monastery there, sparking a new Christianization wave of northern and western Germanic people.
King Erík the Uniter earns his nickname and goes on to replace Danish Viking Kings with puppets.
Ragnar Lothbrok, a legendary Viking king has supposedly died but no grave has been found.

805
The Byzantine Empire is besieged in modern Greece by Slavic tribes with the indirect aid of the Islamic world.
Battle of Canburg: The Franks under Charles the Younger, son of Emperor Charlemagne, defeat the Slavs near the present-day town of Kadaň and conquer Bohemia (modern Czech Republic).
Krum, ruler (khan) of the Bulgarian Empire, conquers and destroys the Eastern part of the Avar Khaganate, upsetting Charlemagne.
The first known mention of Magdeburg (Saxony-Anhalt), founded by Charlemagne, is made.
Louis the German, grandson of Charlemagne and first East Frankish king is born.
King Erík's puppet kings revolt against him in an effort known as Foedus de Dania, mentioned in Frankish sources.

806
Vikings massacre Columba's monks, and all the inhabitants on the island of Iona (Scotland). Other monks flee to safety in the monastery of Kells (Ireland). They take with them the Book of Kells.
King Eardwulf of Northumbria is expelled from his kingdom by his rival Ælfwald II, who takes the throne. Eardwulf flees to the Frankish court of Charlemagne, and later visits Pope Leo III in Rome.
Arab–Byzantine war breaks out: Caliph Harun al-Rashid leads a huge military expedition, assembling men from Syria, Palestine, Persia, and Egypt. The invasion army (reportedly 135,000 men) departs from Raqqa, the residence of Harun, and enters Cappadocia through the Cilician Gates, sacking several Byzantine fortresses and cities. Heraclea is captured after a month-long siege (August/September). The city is plundered and razed; its inhabitants are enslaved and deported to the Abbasid Caliphate.
Al-Hakam I, Umayyad emir of Córdoba, reasserts his control over the city of Toledo, autonomous since 797. To this effect Al-Hakam has over 72 nobles (accounts talk of 5,000) massacred at a banquet, crucified and displayed along the banks of the Guadalquivir River (modern Spain), in what comes to be known as the "Day of the Trench".
Emperor Charlemagne divides the Frankish Empire under his three sons, called Divisio Regnorum. For Charles the Younger he designates the imperial title, Austrasia and Neustria, Saxony, Burgundy, and Thuringia. To Pepin, he gives Italy, Bavaria, and Swabia. His youngest son Louis the Pious receives Aquitaine, the Spanish March, and Provence.
Grimoald III, Lombard duke of Benevento, dies without heirs. He is succeeded by Grimoald IV, who is forced to pay tribute to King Charles the Younger
Foedus de Dania succeeds in overthrowing the Swedish monarch Erík the Uniter, killing him and his children and throwing his kingdom into shambles picked up by numerous pretender kings.

807
Emperor Nikephoros I is forced to sue for peace, on condition of paying 50,000 nomismata to Caliph Harun al-Rashid, and agrees to a yearly tribute. Nikephoros promises not to rebuild the dismantled forts. Rashid recalls his forces from various sieges, and evacuates Byzantine territory.
Foedus de Dania breaks apart over months of disagreement on how to divide the conquered lands and the constant loss of land to powerful earls and overall weak defence of the realms encompassed by the league.

808
Ragnar Lothbrok's sons rise to power and will come to dominate Scandinavia. Björn Ironside uses his father's wealth and status to build up and army and sets his aim to conquer lands in Sweden and declares Birka a holy place for Norse pagans, Kingdom of Svíþjóð is founded. Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye overthrows the king of Sjælland and subjugates earls on Fyn and Lolland-Falster a few months after, like his brother Björn Ironside, Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye declares Roskilde a holy place for Norse pagans which sparks a tense rivalry between the brothers. Hvirtsek fails to earn himself a kingdom and flees to the Norwegian kingdom of Viken where he aids numerous Norwegian kings and earls in political interests and raids before, ultimately, joining the Rus Vikings in Ukraine in 824, the reason for this is unknown but popular theory suggests, that his loyalties to multiple Norwegian political figures made him too untrustworthy to reside in Norway. Ubba is offered to join the court of a Frisian kingdom rebelling against the Franks as a military advisor, Ubba's reputation in battle was earned in his raids on Wessex, most notably, allying with Cornwall to increase manpower and supples, but despite the lack of manpower Ubba and the Cornish forces pushed the frontline to modern-day Bournermouth until a lack of supplies and declining manpower forced a retreat back into Cornwall in 799. Ivar the Boneless failed attempts to become a king sees him join exiled earls and kings forced out of their lands due to the war with Erík the Uniter and the collapse of the Danish league brewing conflicts and skirmishes. Ivar the Boneless begins his infamous raids on Ireland and Scotland.
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Read factbook

I don't recommend interpreting this as historically correct as I have put fictional things in to match my lore.
And whether Scarlett likes it or not this is her history too

Yahlia, St Scarlett, The Champions League, The Oriental Empire, and 4 othersRivierenland, Libertandonien, The Kingdom of Denmark, and Peaceful bosnia and herzegovina

Laver Island wrote:OwO I did a little Viking project for my lore
With the combination of my knowledge, Wikipedia and how I envision my lore, I created this




Archaeological discoveries in southern Laver Island



Viking Age

The Viking Age (793–1066 AD) is a period in the history of the Scandinavians, during which they expanded and built settlements throughout Europe and beyond after the main European Migration Period. As such the Viking Age applies not only to their homeland of Scandinavia but to any place significantly settled by Scandinavians during the period. The Scandinavians of the Viking Age are often referred to as Vikings or Norsemen, although few of them were Vikings in the technical sense.

It was preceded by the Germanic Iron Age. It is the period of history when Scandinavian Norsemen explored Europe by its seas and rivers for trade, raids, colonization, and conquest. In this period, voyaging from their homelands in Denmark, Norway and Sweden the Norsemen settled in the present-day Faroe Islands, Laver Island, Norse Greenland, Newfoundland, St Scarlett, the Netherlands, Germany, Normandy, Italy, Scotland, England, Wales, Ireland, the Isle of Man, Estonia, Ukraine, Russia and Turkey, as well as initiating the process of consolidation that resulted in the formation of the present-day Scandinavian countries.

Viking travellers and colonists were seen at many points in history as brutal raiders. Many historical documents suggest that their invasion of other countries was retaliation for the encroachment upon tribal lands by Christian missionaries, and perhaps by the Saxon Wars prosecuted by Charlemagne and his kin to the south, or were motivated by overpopulation, trade inequities, and the lack of viable farmland in their homeland.

Information about the Viking Age is drawn largely from what was written about the Vikings by their enemies, and primary sources of archaeology, supplemented with secondary sources such as the Laverian Sagas.

Historical Considerations
In England, the beginning of the Viking Age is dated to 8 June 793, when Vikings destroyed the abbey on Lindisfarne, a centre of learning on an island off the northeast coast of England in Northumberland. Monks were killed in the abbey, thrown into the sea to drown, or carried away as slaves along with the church treasures, giving rise to the traditional (but unattested) prayer—A furore Normannorum libera nos, Domine, "Free us from the fury of the Northmen, Lord."

Three Viking ships had beached in Weymouth Bay four years earlier (although due to a scribal error the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle dates this event to 787 rather than 789), but that incursion may have been a trading expedition that went wrong rather than a piratical raid. Lindisfarne was different. The Viking devastation of Northumbria's Holy Island was reported by the Northumbrian scholar Alcuin of York, who wrote: "Never before in Britain has such a terror appeared".

Vikings were portrayed as wholly violent and bloodthirsty by their enemies. In medieval English chronicles, they are described as "wolves among sheep".

The first challenges to the many anti-Viking images in Britain emerged in the 17th century. Pioneering scholarly works on the Viking Age reached a small readership in Britain. Linguistics traced the Viking Age origins of rural idioms and proverbs. New dictionaries of the Old Norse language enabled more Victorians to read the Laverian Sagas.

In Scandinavia, the 17th-century Danish scholars Thomas Bartholin and Ole Worm and Swedish scholar Olaus Rudbeck were the first to use runic inscriptions and Laverian Sagas as primary historical sources. During the Enlightenment and Nordic Renaissance, historians such as the Icelandic-Norwegian Thormodus Torfæus, Danish-Norwegian Ludvig Holberg, and Swedish Olof von Dalin developed a more "rational" and "pragmatic" approach to historical scholarship.

By the latter half of the 18th century, while the Laverian sagas were still used as important historical sources, the Viking Age had again come to be regarded as a barbaric and uncivilised period in the history of the Nordic countries.

Scholars outside Scandinavia did not begin to extensively reassess the achievements of the Vikings until the 1890s, recognising their artistry, technological skills, and seamanship.

Until recently, the history of the Viking Age had largely been based on Laverian Sagas, the history of the Danes written by Saxo Grammaticus, the Kievan Rus's Primary Chronicle, and Cogad Gáedel re Gallaib. Today, most scholars take these texts as sources not to be understood literally and are relying more on concrete archaeological findings, numismatics, and other direct scientific disciplines and methods.

Historical Trivia

The Vikings who invaded western and eastern Europe were mainly pagans from the same area as present-day Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. They also settled in the Faroe Islands, Ireland, Laver Island, peripheral Scotland (Caithness, the Hebrides and the Northern Isles), St Scarlett, Greenland, Canada and England.

Their North Germanic language, Old Norse (Also known as Dǫnsk Tunga, Norrǿnt mál), became the mother-tongue of present-day Scandinavian languages. By 801, a strong central authority appears to have been established in Jutland (Denmark), and the Danes were beginning to look beyond their own territory for land, trade, and plunder.

In Norway, mountainous terrain and fjords formed strong natural boundaries. Communities remained independent of each other, unlike the situation in lowland Denmark and Sweden, where communities largely interacted and depended on each other for trade.

Vikings would plant crops after the winter and go raiding as soon as the ice melted on the sea, then return home with their loot in time to harvest the crops.

By 800, some 30 small kingdoms existed in Norway, some 4 in Denmark and some 25 in Sweden.

Scandinavians depended a lot on the sea as it was the easiest way of communication between the kingdoms and the outside world and also provided lots of food that otherwise could not be farmed in some communities. In the eighth century, Scandinavians began to build ships of war and send them on raiding expeditions which started the Viking Age. The North Sea rovers were traders, colonisers, explorers, and plunderers.

Probable Causes of Norse Expansion

Many theories are posited for the cause of the Viking invasions; the will to explore likely played a major role. At the time, England, Wales, and Ireland were vulnerable to attack, being divided into many different warring kingdoms in a state of internal disarray, while the Franks were well defended.

Overpopulation, especially near the Scandes, was possibly influential (this theory regarding overpopulation is disputed).

Technological advance like the use of iron or a shortage of women due to selective female infanticide also had an impact.

Tensions caused by the Frankish expansion to the south of Scandinavia, and their subsequent attacks upon the Viking people, may have also played a role in Viking pillaging.

The nature of crowning petty monarchs has caused many to be displaced by the constant wars and political motivation to gather large raider armies and the wealth required to maintain them had driven Vikings to the plundering of foreign shores.

Demographic Theory
This theory suggests that Scandinavia experienced a population boom just before the Viking Age began. The agricultural capacity of the land was not enough to keep up with the increasing population. As a result, many Scandinavians found themselves with no property and no status. To remedy this, these landless men took to piracy to obtain material wealth. The population continued to grow, and the pirates looked further and further beyond the borders of the Baltic, and eventually into all of Europe.

Economic Theory
The economic theory states that the Viking Age was the result of growing urbanism and trade throughout mainland Europe. As the Islamic world grew, so did its trade routes, and the wealth which moved along them was pushed further and further north. In Western Europe, proto-urban centres such as the -wich towns of Anglo-Saxon England began to boom during the prosperous era known as the "Long Eighth Century". The Scandinavians, like many other Europeans, were drawn to these wealthier "urban" centres, which soon became frequent targets of Viking raids. The connection of the Scandinavians to larger and richer trade networks lured the Vikings into Western Europe, and soon the rest of Europe and parts of the Middle East. In England, hoards of Viking silver, such as the Cuerdale Hoard and the Vale of York Hoard, offer good insight to this phenomenon.

Ideological Theory
The start of the Viking Age, with the sack of Lindisfarne, also coincided with Charlemagne's Saxon Wars, or Christian wars with pagans in Saxony. Bruno Dumézil theorises that the Viking attacks may have been in response to the spread of Christianity among pagan peoples. Because of the penetration of Christianity in Scandinavia, serious conflict divided the Norse world.

Political Theory
The first of two main components to the political theory is the external "Pull" factor, which suggests that the weak political bodies of Britain and Western Europe made for an attractive target for Viking raiders. The reasons for these weaknesses vary but generally can be simplified into decentralized polities, or religious sites. As a result, Viking raiders found it easy to sack and then retreat from these areas which were thus frequently raided. The second case is the internal "Push" factor, which coincides with a period just before the Viking Age in which Scandinavia was undergoing a mass centralization of power in the modern-day countries of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. This centralization of power forced hundreds of chieftains from their lands, which were slowly being eaten up by the kings and dynasties that began to emerge. As a result, many of these chiefs sought refuge elsewhere and began harrying the coasts of the British Isles, Western Europe and Eastern Europe to fund larger armies to retake their lands or create new kingdoms.

Technological Theory
This theory suggests that the Viking Age occurred as a result of technological innovations that allowed the Vikings to go on their raids in the first place. There is no doubt that piracy existed in the Baltic before the Viking Age, but developments in sailing technology and practice made it possible for early Viking raiders to attack lands farther away. Among these developments are included the use of larger sails, tacking practices, and 24-hour sailing.

These theories constitute much of what is known about the motivations for and the causes of the Viking Age. In all likelihood, the beginning of this age was the result of some combination of the aforementioned theories.

Timeline

793- Viking Age begins
The Frankish-Frisian war ends with Frankish victory, Charlemagne, king of the Franks, deports Saxon families from the north of river Elbe as a result of the victory.
Lindisfarne, an island off the coast of Northumberland with a monastery regarded as one of the holiest places for Celtic Christians, gets raided by Danish Vikings.
The monks killed or taken as slaves, this marks the beginning of the Viking age and is one of the earliest raids on the British Isles.
Emir Hisham I of Córdoba calls for Jihad against the Franks and assembles roughly 100 thousand soldiers, invades southern France reaching as far as Narbonne.

794
Charlemagne continues his suppression of Germanic people by launching an attack from the north on the Saxon rebels who resisted the deportation, the attack led by his son Charles the Younger. The Saxons are divided as caused by the attack and they ultimately surrender near Paderborn, Germany.
The Vikings return to Northumberland and raid Monkwearmouth–Jarrow Abbey.

795
The Saxon War continues: The Slav Obodrites, under their ruler Witzan, attack the northern Saxons in Liuni. He is killed in an ambush and succeeded by his son Drożko, who becomes a Carolingian dux. King Charlemagne leads a Frankish expeditionary force north from Mainz and marches to the Elbe, where eastern Saxon rebels again surrender.
Charlemagne creates the Spanish March, a buffer zone beyond the former province of Septimania. A group of Iberian lordships form a defensive barrier between the Umayyad Moors of Al-Andalus (modern Spain) and the Frankish Kingdom.
The earliest Viking raids on Ireland occurs as the monasteries at Iona (Inner Hebrides), Inishbofin and Inishmurray fell to the Norsemen.

796
King Charlemagne continues his expansionist policy and with his son Pepin of Italy, launches a successful two-pronged invasion of the Avar Khaganate (modern Hungary). They seize the Avar "ring" (the nomadic tent capital), destroying Avar power. Charlemagne wins a major victory (in which the Pannonian Croatian duke Vojnomir aids him), and the Franks make themselves overlords over the Croatians of northern Dalmatia, Slavonia, and Pannonia. Frankish missionaries are sent to the area to convert the pagan population to Christianity.
Viking Earls are paid by Frisian nobility to raid Frankish shores, the first major Viking battle of the age takes place between modern-day Hauge and Rotterdam in an attempt to drive out Frankish missionaries and other Franks. The battle led by Earl Tórfinn ends in victory as the Frankish army fails to mobilise a big enough resistance. This reminds Charlemagne of his cold war with the Vikings.

797
King Charlemagne's sight on integrating and ruling the Saxons despite Viking retaliation continues and he issues the Capitulare Saxonicum, making Westphalian, Angrian and Eastphalian Saxons equal to other peoples in the Frankish Kingdom. The Nordalbian Saxons revolt and causes Charlemagne to send a Frankish fleet to the North Sea coast of Germany. It lands in Hadeln, a marshy coastal region between the Weser and Elbe estuaries, near modern-day Cuxhaven. Charlemagne invades northern Saxony, and again accepts the submission of the Saxons.
Earl Tórfinn consults King Sigfred the Helper, a powerful Danish King known for his brutality but also his aid to the Frisians and Saxons, about the Frankish conquest having seized some of his lands in Lower Saxony. Upset by Charlemagne's conquest Sigfred makes an alliance with the Frisian nobles and begins attacking Frankish strongholds and centres in modern-day Netherlands to free the Frisians.
Charlemagne raises an army to counter the raids but ultimately fails as the Viking hit and run tactic is too difficult to counter.

798
The Saxon Wars continue with the battle of Bornhöved: King Charlemagne forms an alliance with the Obodrites. Together with King Drożko, he defeats the Viking aided Nordalbian Saxons near the village of Bornhöved (modern-day Neumünster), obliging these 'northerners' to submit and accept Christianity. In the coming years they are granted areas of present-day Hamburg.
King Charles the Younger, son of Charlemagne, conquers Corsica and Sardinia
King Sigfred the Helper aided the Nordalbian Saxons and promised Widukind, the leader of the Saxon resistance, his daughter in marriage and a powerful position in Sigfred's realm in exchange for an alliance. Despite having allied with the Frisian nobles and the Saxons, Sigfred continued to lose land to the Franks and seeing his shore raids cut short by big Frankish garrisons. Earl Tórfinn dies in the battle of Bornhöved.

799
Siege of Trsat sees Višeslav, prince of Dalmatian Croatia, win against the Franks and Charlemagne has en unexpected two front war going on.
King Sigfred launches a series of raids on French shores to buy himself more time to fortify his realm.
Charlemagne launches a campaign against Višeslav hoping to crush the Croatian resistance fast.

800
Charlemagne, king of the Franks, is crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III as Charles I on Christmas, with the title "Emperor of the Franks and the Lombards". The coronation takes place during Mass at the Basilica of St. Peter in Rome, on Christmas Day. The Frankish Empire is formed in Western Europe, which is not recognized by Empress Irene at Constantinople. This triggers a series of disputes with the Byzantines around who is officially ruling the former Western Roman Empire.
Before his crowning, Charlemagne sends a force to execute the Frisian nobles who then enter in exile and escape to Denmark before establishing a life around modern-day Sweden due to conflicts between king Sigfred the Helper and Earl Gudfred.
The Frankish-Sigfred's realm border gets pushed up to modern-day Hamburg, King Sigfred finishes his fortification project but loses his throne to Earl Gudfred who believed the wars with the Franks were just making the realm weaker.

801
Now the king of Sigfred's realm, Gudfred negotiates peace with the Franks and looks towards conquering neighbouring Danish kingdoms to make up for the loss of territory to the Franks. Widukind, once a Saxon resistance leader, travels to Erritsø to meet with King Gudfred in hopes of negotiating another alliance with the petty Danish kingdom.
Gudfred refuses to get involved in wars against the Franks and declares Widukind an outlaw. Gudfred conquers are smaller kingdom located around the middle of Jutland but his failed campaigns against other kingdoms and his isolation policies make him an unpopular ruler.

802
Prince Višeslav dies in battle and the Croatian resistance is stomped by Charlemagne. Earl Asbjørn and the petty Swedish king Erík the Uniter form an alliance with a few kingdoms and launch a devastating assault on the Obodrites, an important Frankish ally, causing a fraction of the Obodrite realm which Charlemagne has trouble to keep reunited.
King Gudfred feels insulted that the Swedish king has awakened the Frankish furry on the Norse world once again and declares war on the petty Swedish kingdom.
The Vikings plunder the treasures of Iona Abbey, on the west coast of Scotland.

803
King Erík the Uniter and king Gudfred's war last a little over six months before Gudfred admits yet another defeat. Erík the Uniter establishes himself as a regional power in Sweden hoping Earl Harald the Wealthy will secede his lands from the Norwegian kingdom he belonged to and join king Erík.
Earl Harald denies having any traitours plans and threatens to sponsor raids against King Erík. King Erík, salty about Harald's rejection to join his kingdom, goes on to conquer a few more Swedish and Danish kingdoms.

804
Emperor Charlemagne finishes the conquest of Saxony. The Carolingian administration in the north is restored and the diocese of Bremen is re-established. Venice, torn by infighting, switches allegiance from Constantinople to King Pepin of Italy, son of Charlemagne.
Obelerio degli Antenori becomes the ninth doge of Venice, after his predecessor Giovanni Galbaio flees to Mantua, where he is killed.
The Gymnasium Carolinum in Osnabrück is founded by Charlemagne (the oldest school in Germany).
Ludger, Frisian missionary, becomes the first bishop of Münster, and builds a monastery there, sparking a new Christianization wave of northern and western Germanic people.
King Erík the Uniter earns his nickname and goes on to replace Danish Viking Kings with puppets.
Ragnar Lothbrok, a legendary Viking king has supposedly died but no grave has been found.

805
The Byzantine Empire is besieged in modern Greece by Slavic tribes with the indirect aid of the Islamic world.
Battle of Canburg: The Franks under Charles the Younger, son of Emperor Charlemagne, defeat the Slavs near the present-day town of Kadaň and conquer Bohemia (modern Czech Republic).
Krum, ruler (khan) of the Bulgarian Empire, conquers and destroys the Eastern part of the Avar Khaganate, upsetting Charlemagne.
The first known mention of Magdeburg (Saxony-Anhalt), founded by Charlemagne, is made.
Louis the German, grandson of Charlemagne and first East Frankish king is born.
King Erík's puppet kings revolt against him in an effort known as Foedus de Dania, mentioned in Frankish sources.

806
Vikings massacre Columba's monks, and all the inhabitants on the island of Iona (Scotland). Other monks flee to safety in the monastery of Kells (Ireland). They take with them the Book of Kells.
King Eardwulf of Northumbria is expelled from his kingdom by his rival Ælfwald II, who takes the throne. Eardwulf flees to the Frankish court of Charlemagne, and later visits Pope Leo III in Rome.
Arab–Byzantine war breaks out: Caliph Harun al-Rashid leads a huge military expedition, assembling men from Syria, Palestine, Persia, and Egypt. The invasion army (reportedly 135,000 men) departs from Raqqa, the residence of Harun, and enters Cappadocia through the Cilician Gates, sacking several Byzantine fortresses and cities. Heraclea is captured after a month-long siege (August/September). The city is plundered and razed; its inhabitants are enslaved and deported to the Abbasid Caliphate.
Al-Hakam I, Umayyad emir of Córdoba, reasserts his control over the city of Toledo, autonomous since 797. To this effect Al-Hakam has over 72 nobles (accounts talk of 5,000) massacred at a banquet, crucified and displayed along the banks of the Guadalquivir River (modern Spain), in what comes to be known as the "Day of the Trench".
Emperor Charlemagne divides the Frankish Empire under his three sons, called Divisio Regnorum. For Charles the Younger he designates the imperial title, Austrasia and Neustria, Saxony, Burgundy, and Thuringia. To Pepin, he gives Italy, Bavaria, and Swabia. His youngest son Louis the Pious receives Aquitaine, the Spanish March, and Provence.
Grimoald III, Lombard duke of Benevento, dies without heirs. He is succeeded by Grimoald IV, who is forced to pay tribute to King Charles the Younger
Foedus de Dania succeeds in overthrowing the Swedish monarch Erík the Uniter, killing him and his children and throwing his kingdom into shambles picked up by numerous pretender kings.

807
Emperor Nikephoros I is forced to sue for peace, on condition of paying 50,000 nomismata to Caliph Harun al-Rashid, and agrees to a yearly tribute. Nikephoros promises not to rebuild the dismantled forts. Rashid recalls his forces from various sieges, and evacuates Byzantine territory.
Foedus de Dania breaks apart over months of disagreement on how to divide the conquered lands and the constant loss of land to powerful earls and overall weak defence of the realms encompassed by the league.

808
Ragnar Lothbrok's sons rise to power and will come to dominate Scandinavia. Björn Ironside uses his father's wealth and status to build up and army and sets his aim to conquer lands in Sweden and declares Birka a holy place for Norse pagans, Kingdom of Svíþjóð is founded. Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye overthrows the king of Sjælland and subjugates earls on Fyn and Lolland-Falster a few months after, like his brother Björn Ironside, Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye declares Roskilde a holy place for Norse pagans which sparks a tense rivalry between the brothers. Hvirtsek fails to earn himself a kingdom and flees to the Norwegian kingdom of Viken where he aids numerous Norwegian kings and earls in political interests and raids before, ultimately, joining the Rus Vikings in Ukraine in 824, the reason for this is unknown but popular theory suggests, that his loyalties to multiple Norwegian political figures made him too untrustworthy to reside in Norway. Ubba is offered to join the court of a Frisian kingdom rebelling against the Franks as a military advisor, Ubba's reputation in battle was earned in his raids on Wessex, most notably, allying with Cornwall to increase manpower and supples, but despite the lack of manpower Ubba and the Cornish forces pushed the frontline to modern-day Bournermouth until a lack of supplies and declining manpower forced a retreat back into Cornwall in 799. Ivar the Boneless failed attempts to become a king sees him join exiled earls and kings forced out of their lands due to the war with Erík the Uniter and the collapse of the Danish league brewing conflicts and skirmishes. Ivar the Boneless begins his infamous raids on Ireland and Scotland.
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Viking Age

The Viking Age (793–1066 AD) is a period in the history of the Scandinavians, during which they expanded and built settlements throughout Europe and beyond after the main European Migration Period. As such the Viking Age applies not only to their homeland of Scandinavia but to any place significantly settled by Scandinavians during the period. The Scandinavians of the Viking Age are often referred to as Vikings or Norsemen, although few of them were Vikings in the technical sense.

It was preceded by the Germanic Iron Age. It is the period of history when Scandinavian Norsemen explored Europe by its seas and rivers for trade, raids, colonization, and conquest. In this period, voyaging from their homelands in Denmark, Norway and Sweden the Norsemen settled in the present-day Faroe Islands, Laver Island, Norse Greenland, Newfoundland, St Scarlett, the Netherlands, Germany, Normandy, Italy, Scotland, England, Wales, Ireland, the Isle of Man, Estonia, Ukraine, Russia and Turkey, as well as initiating the process of consolidation that resulted in the formation of the present-day Scandinavian countries.

Viking travellers and colonists were seen at many points in history as brutal raiders. Many historical documents suggest that their invasion of other countries was retaliation for the encroachment upon tribal lands by Christian missionaries, and perhaps by the Saxon Wars prosecuted by Charlemagne and his kin to the south, or were motivated by overpopulation, trade inequities, and the lack of viable farmland in their homeland.

Information about the Viking Age is drawn largely from what was written about the Vikings by their enemies, and primary sources of archaeology, supplemented with secondary sources such as the Laverian Sagas.

Historical Considerations
In England, the beginning of the Viking Age is dated to 8 June 793, when Vikings destroyed the abbey on Lindisfarne, a centre of learning on an island off the northeast coast of England in Northumberland. Monks were killed in the abbey, thrown into the sea to drown, or carried away as slaves along with the church treasures, giving rise to the traditional (but unattested) prayer—A furore Normannorum libera nos, Domine, "Free us from the fury of the Northmen, Lord."

Three Viking ships had beached in Weymouth Bay four years earlier (although due to a scribal error the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle dates this event to 787 rather than 789), but that incursion may have been a trading expedition that went wrong rather than a piratical raid. Lindisfarne was different. The Viking devastation of Northumbria's Holy Island was reported by the Northumbrian scholar Alcuin of York, who wrote: "Never before in Britain has such a terror appeared".

Vikings were portrayed as wholly violent and bloodthirsty by their enemies. In medieval English chronicles, they are described as "wolves among sheep".

The first challenges to the many anti-Viking images in Britain emerged in the 17th century. Pioneering scholarly works on the Viking Age reached a small readership in Britain. Linguistics traced the Viking Age origins of rural idioms and proverbs. New dictionaries of the Old Norse language enabled more Victorians to read the Laverian Sagas.

In Scandinavia, the 17th-century Danish scholars Thomas Bartholin and Ole Worm and Swedish scholar Olaus Rudbeck were the first to use runic inscriptions and Laverian Sagas as primary historical sources. During the Enlightenment and Nordic Renaissance, historians such as the Icelandic-Norwegian Thormodus Torfæus, Danish-Norwegian Ludvig Holberg, and Swedish Olof von Dalin developed a more "rational" and "pragmatic" approach to historical scholarship.

By the latter half of the 18th century, while the Laverian sagas were still used as important historical sources, the Viking Age had again come to be regarded as a barbaric and uncivilised period in the history of the Nordic countries.

Scholars outside Scandinavia did not begin to extensively reassess the achievements of the Vikings until the 1890s, recognising their artistry, technological skills, and seamanship.

Until recently, the history of the Viking Age had largely been based on Laverian Sagas, the history of the Danes written by Saxo Grammaticus, the Kievan Rus's Primary Chronicle, and Cogad Gáedel re Gallaib. Today, most scholars take these texts as sources not to be understood literally and are relying more on concrete archaeological findings, numismatics, and other direct scientific disciplines and methods.

Historical Trivia

The Vikings who invaded western and eastern Europe were mainly pagans from the same area as present-day Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. They also settled in the Faroe Islands, Ireland, Laver Island, peripheral Scotland (Caithness, the Hebrides and the Northern Isles), St Scarlett, Greenland, Canada and England.

Their North Germanic language, Old Norse (Also known as Dǫnsk Tunga, Norrǿnt mál), became the mother-tongue of present-day Scandinavian languages. By 801, a strong central authority appears to have been established in Jutland (Denmark), and the Danes were beginning to look beyond their own territory for land, trade, and plunder.

In Norway, mountainous terrain and fjords formed strong natural boundaries. Communities remained independent of each other, unlike the situation in lowland Denmark and Sweden, where communities largely interacted and depended on each other for trade.

Vikings would plant crops after the winter and go raiding as soon as the ice melted on the sea, then return home with their loot in time to harvest the crops.

By 800, some 30 small kingdoms existed in Norway, some 4 in Denmark and some 25 in Sweden.

Scandinavians depended a lot on the sea as it was the easiest way of communication between the kingdoms and the outside world and also provided lots of food that otherwise could not be farmed in some communities. In the eighth century, Scandinavians began to build ships of war and send them on raiding expeditions which started the Viking Age. The North Sea rovers were traders, colonisers, explorers, and plunderers.

Probable Causes of Norse Expansion

Many theories are posited for the cause of the Viking invasions; the will to explore likely played a major role. At the time, England, Wales, and Ireland were vulnerable to attack, being divided into many different warring kingdoms in a state of internal disarray, while the Franks were well defended.

Overpopulation, especially near the Scandes, was possibly influential (this theory regarding overpopulation is disputed).

Technological advance like the use of iron or a shortage of women due to selective female infanticide also had an impact.

Tensions caused by the Frankish expansion to the south of Scandinavia, and their subsequent attacks upon the Viking people, may have also played a role in Viking pillaging.

The nature of crowning petty monarchs has caused many to be displaced by the constant wars and political motivation to gather large raider armies and the wealth required to maintain them had driven Vikings to the plundering of foreign shores.

Demographic Theory
This theory suggests that Scandinavia experienced a population boom just before the Viking Age began. The agricultural capacity of the land was not enough to keep up with the increasing population. As a result, many Scandinavians found themselves with no property and no status. To remedy this, these landless men took to piracy to obtain material wealth. The population continued to grow, and the pirates looked further and further beyond the borders of the Baltic, and eventually into all of Europe.

Economic Theory
The economic theory states that the Viking Age was the result of growing urbanism and trade throughout mainland Europe. As the Islamic world grew, so did its trade routes, and the wealth which moved along them was pushed further and further north. In Western Europe, proto-urban centres such as the -wich towns of Anglo-Saxon England began to boom during the prosperous era known as the "Long Eighth Century". The Scandinavians, like many other Europeans, were drawn to these wealthier "urban" centres, which soon became frequent targets of Viking raids. The connection of the Scandinavians to larger and richer trade networks lured the Vikings into Western Europe, and soon the rest of Europe and parts of the Middle East. In England, hoards of Viking silver, such as the Cuerdale Hoard and the Vale of York Hoard, offer good insight to this phenomenon.

Ideological Theory
The start of the Viking Age, with the sack of Lindisfarne, also coincided with Charlemagne's Saxon Wars, or Christian wars with pagans in Saxony. Bruno Dumézil theorises that the Viking attacks may have been in response to the spread of Christianity among pagan peoples. Because of the penetration of Christianity in Scandinavia, serious conflict divided the Norse world.

Political Theory
The first of two main components to the political theory is the external "Pull" factor, which suggests that the weak political bodies of Britain and Western Europe made for an attractive target for Viking raiders. The reasons for these weaknesses vary but generally can be simplified into decentralized polities, or religious sites. As a result, Viking raiders found it easy to sack and then retreat from these areas which were thus frequently raided. The second case is the internal "Push" factor, which coincides with a period just before the Viking Age in which Scandinavia was undergoing a mass centralization of power in the modern-day countries of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. This centralization of power forced hundreds of chieftains from their lands, which were slowly being eaten up by the kings and dynasties that began to emerge. As a result, many of these chiefs sought refuge elsewhere and began harrying the coasts of the British Isles, Western Europe and Eastern Europe to fund larger armies to retake their lands or create new kingdoms.

Technological Theory
This theory suggests that the Viking Age occurred as a result of technological innovations that allowed the Vikings to go on their raids in the first place. There is no doubt that piracy existed in the Baltic before the Viking Age, but developments in sailing technology and practice made it possible for early Viking raiders to attack lands farther away. Among these developments are included the use of larger sails, tacking practices, and 24-hour sailing.

These theories constitute much of what is known about the motivations for and the causes of the Viking Age. In all likelihood, the beginning of this age was the result of some combination of the aforementioned theories.

Timeline

793- Viking Age begins
The Frankish-Frisian war ends with Frankish victory, Charlemagne, king of the Franks, deports Saxon families from the north of river Elbe as a result of the victory.
Lindisfarne, an island off the coast of Northumberland with a monastery regarded as one of the holiest places for Celtic Christians, gets raided by Danish Vikings.
The monks killed or taken as slaves, this marks the beginning of the Viking age and is one of the earliest raids on the British Isles.
Emir Hisham I of Córdoba calls for Jihad against the Franks and assembles roughly 100 thousand soldiers, invades southern France reaching as far as Narbonne.

794
Charlemagne continues his suppression of Germanic people by launching an attack from the north on the Saxon rebels who resisted the deportation, the attack led by his son Charles the Younger. The Saxons are divided as caused by the attack and they ultimately surrender near Paderborn, Germany.
The Vikings return to Northumberland and raid Monkwearmouth–Jarrow Abbey.

795
The Saxon War continues: The Slav Obodrites, under their ruler Witzan, attack the northern Saxons in Liuni. He is killed in an ambush and succeeded by his son Drożko, who becomes a Carolingian dux. King Charlemagne leads a Frankish expeditionary force north from Mainz and marches to the Elbe, where eastern Saxon rebels again surrender.
Charlemagne creates the Spanish March, a buffer zone beyond the former province of Septimania. A group of Iberian lordships form a defensive barrier between the Umayyad Moors of Al-Andalus (modern Spain) and the Frankish Kingdom.
The earliest Viking raids on Ireland occurs as the monasteries at Iona (Inner Hebrides), Inishbofin and Inishmurray fell to the Norsemen.

796
King Charlemagne continues his expansionist policy and with his son Pepin of Italy, launches a successful two-pronged invasion of the Avar Khaganate (modern Hungary). They seize the Avar "ring" (the nomadic tent capital), destroying Avar power. Charlemagne wins a major victory (in which the Pannonian Croatian duke Vojnomir aids him), and the Franks make themselves overlords over the Croatians of northern Dalmatia, Slavonia, and Pannonia. Frankish missionaries are sent to the area to convert the pagan population to Christianity.
Viking Earls are paid by Frisian nobility to raid Frankish shores, the first major Viking battle of the age takes place between modern-day Hauge and Rotterdam in an attempt to drive out Frankish missionaries and other Franks. The battle led by Earl Tórfinn ends in victory as the Frankish army fails to mobilise a big enough resistance. This reminds Charlemagne of his cold war with the Vikings.

797
King Charlemagne's sight on integrating and ruling the Saxons despite Viking retaliation continues and he issues the Capitulare Saxonicum, making Westphalian, Angrian and Eastphalian Saxons equal to other peoples in the Frankish Kingdom. The Nordalbian Saxons revolt and causes Charlemagne to send a Frankish fleet to the North Sea coast of Germany. It lands in Hadeln, a marshy coastal region between the Weser and Elbe estuaries, near modern-day Cuxhaven. Charlemagne invades northern Saxony, and again accepts the submission of the Saxons.
Earl Tórfinn consults King Sigfred the Helper, a powerful Danish King known for his brutality but also his aid to the Frisians and Saxons, about the Frankish conquest having seized some of his lands in Lower Saxony. Upset by Charlemagne's conquest Sigfred makes an alliance with the Frisian nobles and begins attacking Frankish strongholds and centres in modern-day Netherlands to free the Frisians.
Charlemagne raises an army to counter the raids but ultimately fails as the Viking hit and run tactic is too difficult to counter.

798
The Saxon Wars continue with the battle of Bornhöved: King Charlemagne forms an alliance with the Obodrites. Together with King Drożko, he defeats the Viking aided Nordalbian Saxons near the village of Bornhöved (modern-day Neumünster), obliging these 'northerners' to submit and accept Christianity. In the coming years they are granted areas of present-day Hamburg.
King Charles the Younger, son of Charlemagne, conquers Corsica and Sardinia
King Sigfred the Helper aided the Nordalbian Saxons and promised Widukind, the leader of the Saxon resistance, his daughter in marriage and a powerful position in Sigfred's realm in exchange for an alliance. Despite having allied with the Frisian nobles and the Saxons, Sigfred continued to lose land to the Franks and seeing his shore raids cut short by big Frankish garrisons. Earl Tórfinn dies in the battle of Bornhöved.

799
Siege of Trsat sees Višeslav, prince of Dalmatian Croatia, win against the Franks and Charlemagne has en unexpected two front war going on.
King Sigfred launches a series of raids on French shores to buy himself more time to fortify his realm.
Charlemagne launches a campaign against Višeslav hoping to crush the Croatian resistance fast.

800
Charlemagne, king of the Franks, is crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III as Charles I on Christmas, with the title "Emperor of the Franks and the Lombards". The coronation takes place during Mass at the Basilica of St. Peter in Rome, on Christmas Day. The Frankish Empire is formed in Western Europe, which is not recognized by Empress Irene at Constantinople. This triggers a series of disputes with the Byzantines around who is officially ruling the former Western Roman Empire.
Before his crowning, Charlemagne sends a force to execute the Frisian nobles who then enter in exile and escape to Denmark before establishing a life around modern-day Sweden due to conflicts between king Sigfred the Helper and Earl Gudfred.
The Frankish-Sigfred's realm border gets pushed up to modern-day Hamburg, King Sigfred finishes his fortification project but loses his throne to Earl Gudfred who believed the wars with the Franks were just making the realm weaker.

801
Now the king of Sigfred's realm, Gudfred negotiates peace with the Franks and looks towards conquering neighbouring Danish kingdoms to make up for the loss of territory to the Franks. Widukind, once a Saxon resistance leader, travels to Erritsø to meet with King Gudfred in hopes of negotiating another alliance with the petty Danish kingdom.
Gudfred refuses to get involved in wars against the Franks and declares Widukind an outlaw. Gudfred conquers are smaller kingdom located around the middle of Jutland but his failed campaigns against other kingdoms and his isolation policies make him an unpopular ruler.

802
Prince Višeslav dies in battle and the Croatian resistance is stomped by Charlemagne. Earl Asbjørn and the petty Swedish king Erík the Uniter form an alliance with a few kingdoms and launch a devastating assault on the Obodrites, an important Frankish ally, causing a fraction of the Obodrite realm which Charlemagne has trouble to keep reunited.
King Gudfred feels insulted that the Swedish king has awakened the Frankish furry on the Norse world once again and declares war on the petty Swedish kingdom.
The Vikings plunder the treasures of Iona Abbey, on the west coast of Scotland.

803
King Erík the Uniter and king Gudfred's war last a little over six months before Gudfred admits yet another defeat. Erík the Uniter establishes himself as a regional power in Sweden hoping Earl Harald the Wealthy will secede his lands from the Norwegian kingdom he belonged to and join king Erík.
Earl Harald denies having any traitours plans and threatens to sponsor raids against King Erík. King Erík, salty about Harald's rejection to join his kingdom, goes on to conquer a few more Swedish and Danish kingdoms.

804
Emperor Charlemagne finishes the conquest of Saxony. The Carolingian administration in the north is restored and the diocese of Bremen is re-established. Venice, torn by infighting, switches allegiance from Constantinople to King Pepin of Italy, son of Charlemagne.
Obelerio degli Antenori becomes the ninth doge of Venice, after his predecessor Giovanni Galbaio flees to Mantua, where he is killed.
The Gymnasium Carolinum in Osnabrück is founded by Charlemagne (the oldest school in Germany).
Ludger, Frisian missionary, becomes the first bishop of Münster, and builds a monastery there, sparking a new Christianization wave of northern and western Germanic people.
King Erík the Uniter earns his nickname and goes on to replace Danish Viking Kings with puppets.
Ragnar Lothbrok, a legendary Viking king has supposedly died but no grave has been found.

805
The Byzantine Empire is besieged in modern Greece by Slavic tribes with the indirect aid of the Islamic world.
Battle of Canburg: The Franks under Charles the Younger, son of Emperor Charlemagne, defeat the Slavs near the present-day town of Kadaň and conquer Bohemia (modern Czech Republic).
Krum, ruler (khan) of the Bulgarian Empire, conquers and destroys the Eastern part of the Avar Khaganate, upsetting Charlemagne.
The first known mention of Magdeburg (Saxony-Anhalt), founded by Charlemagne, is made.
Louis the German, grandson of Charlemagne and first East Frankish king is born.
King Erík's puppet kings revolt against him in an effort known as Foedus de Dania, mentioned in Frankish sources.

806
Vikings massacre Columba's monks, and all the inhabitants on the island of Iona (Scotland). Other monks flee to safety in the monastery of Kells (Ireland). They take with them the Book of Kells.
King Eardwulf of Northumbria is expelled from his kingdom by his rival Ælfwald II, who takes the throne. Eardwulf flees to the Frankish court of Charlemagne, and later visits Pope Leo III in Rome.
Arab–Byzantine war breaks out: Caliph Harun al-Rashid leads a huge military expedition, assembling men from Syria, Palestine, Persia, and Egypt. The invasion army (reportedly 135,000 men) departs from Raqqa, the residence of Harun, and enters Cappadocia through the Cilician Gates, sacking several Byzantine fortresses and cities. Heraclea is captured after a month-long siege (August/September). The city is plundered and razed; its inhabitants are enslaved and deported to the Abbasid Caliphate.
Al-Hakam I, Umayyad emir of Córdoba, reasserts his control over the city of Toledo, autonomous since 797. To this effect Al-Hakam has over 72 nobles (accounts talk of 5,000) massacred at a banquet, crucified and displayed along the banks of the Guadalquivir River (modern Spain), in what comes to be known as the "Day of the Trench".
Emperor Charlemagne divides the Frankish Empire under his three sons, called Divisio Regnorum. For Charles the Younger he designates the imperial title, Austrasia and Neustria, Saxony, Burgundy, and Thuringia. To Pepin, he gives Italy, Bavaria, and Swabia. His youngest son Louis the Pious receives Aquitaine, the Spanish March, and Provence.
Grimoald III, Lombard duke of Benevento, dies without heirs. He is succeeded by Grimoald IV, who is forced to pay tribute to King Charles the Younger
Foedus de Dania succeeds in overthrowing the Swedish monarch Erík the Uniter, killing him and his children and throwing his kingdom into shambles picked up by numerous pretender kings.

807
Emperor Nikephoros I is forced to sue for peace, on condition of paying 50,000 nomismata to Caliph Harun al-Rashid, and agrees to a yearly tribute. Nikephoros promises not to rebuild the dismantled forts. Rashid recalls his forces from various sieges, and evacuates Byzantine territory.
Foedus de Dania breaks apart over months of disagreement on how to divide the conquered lands and the constant loss of land to powerful earls and overall weak defence of the realms encompassed by the league.

808
Ragnar Lothbrok's sons rise to power and will come to dominate Scandinavia. Björn Ironside uses his father's wealth and status to build up and army and sets his aim to conquer lands in Sweden and declares Birka a holy place for Norse pagans, Kingdom of Svíþjóð is founded. Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye overthrows the king of Sjælland and subjugates earls on Fyn and Lolland-Falster a few months after, like his brother Björn Ironside, Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye declares Roskilde a holy place for Norse pagans which sparks a tense rivalry between the brothers. Hvirtsek fails to earn himself a kingdom and flees to the Norwegian kingdom of Viken where he aids numerous Norwegian kings and earls in political interests and raids before, ultimately, joining the Rus Vikings in Ukraine in 824, the reason for this is unknown but popular theory suggests, that his loyalties to multiple Norwegian political figures made him too untrustworthy to reside in Norway. Ubba is offered to join the court of a Frisian kingdom rebelling against the Franks as a military advisor, Ubba's reputation in battle was earned in his raids on Wessex, most notably, allying with Cornwall to increase manpower and supples, but despite the lack of manpower Ubba and the Cornish forces pushed the frontline to modern-day Bournermouth until a lack of supplies and declining manpower forced a retreat back into Cornwall in 799. Ivar the Boneless failed attempts to become a king sees him join exiled earls and kings forced out of their lands due to the war with Erík the Uniter and the collapse of the Danish league brewing conflicts and skirmishes. Ivar the Boneless begins his infamous raids on Ireland and Scotland.
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Template may be found here.

Read factbook

I don't recommend interpreting this as historically correct as I have put fictional things in to match my lore.
And whether Scarlett likes it or not this is her history too

How do you find all the time to do this?

Laver Island, The Champions League, Libertandonien, and Peaceful bosnia and herzegovina

Laver Island wrote:Muy bueno
just wait until I finish it

Then people will read it and the next thing you know,

Queen Yuno is advertising your factbook

Laver Island, St Scarlett, and Peaceful bosnia and herzegovina

Libertandonien

Im thinking about, if I should put other NS nations in my lore

The Champions League, Miharr, and Peaceful bosnia and herzegovina

The Kingdom of Denmark wrote:How do you find all the time to do this?

I'm on Easter break rn so no assignments and quarantine = time

Libertandonien wrote:Im thinking about, if I should put other NS nations in my lore

If you want to and they agree with it. I will say that I would not want this nation in your lore since it would go against my lore of being completely unknown

Libertandonien and Peaceful bosnia and herzegovina

hello

Miharr, Libertandonien, and Peaceful bosnia and herzegovina

Rishan wrote:hello

Hello!

Peaceful bosnia and herzegovina

Notice how laver didn't say goodnight

Yahlia, Laver Island, St Scarlett, Rivierenland, and 2 othersAlienage, and Peaceful bosnia and herzegovina

Libertandonien

Miharr wrote:If you want to and they agree with it. I will say that I would not want this nation in your lore since it would go against my lore of being completely unknown

Don’t worry, I’ll keep it as a secret ;)

Miharr and Peaceful bosnia and herzegovina

Goðnat

guys i rebuilt myself

Peaceful bosnia and herzegovina

Libertandonien

It is impossible for a single company to rule over entire countries!

United fruit company: hold my banana

The Champions League, Rivierenland, and Peaceful bosnia and herzegovina

Libertandonien wrote:It is impossible for a single company to rule over entire countries!

United fruit company: hold my banana

The nanners must flow...

The Champions League, Libertandonien, and Peaceful bosnia and herzegovina

Sometimes i just watch r/arabfunny to purposely lose brain cells

Laver Island, Apabeossie, The Champions League, Libertandonien, and 2 othersLa iberian kingdom, and Peaceful bosnia and herzegovina

From Europe, to the WA, with Love!
Vote Of herbshire

Let's make sure no ideology dominates the WA!

No communism. No fascism.
No CNN. No Fox News. No CNBC.
No extremism. Just centrism.

Vote for Herbshire for a just WA!
(i know it's a mock election for April Fool's but just vote anyway!!)

P.S here's my super duper boring campaign here:

Hello fellow nations (especially WA members), the election has just commenced and all nations are wondering why the WA is flawed.

Yes, you're right! The World Assembly or WA is flawed and the General Assembly (GA) has supreme power over all nations in the WA. The resolution(s) that the GA has passed apply to all nations and as such, no nations are able to do an exclusion from the resolution imposed onto them by the GA. (if such resolution contradict the Constitution or Charter of a WA member state)

Damn. What shall I do to overcome this problem? Turn the WA into an anarchist camp? Or even stage a coup d'etat against the current SecGen?

NEIN!

Wait a second, I have an IDEA!

It's time to do something.

It's time that the member nations finally have liberty in enforcing the resolution(s) that are normally passed by the General Assembly. The General Assembly shall only perform check and balances towards the resolution passed by the members. The resolution that are voted in favour by the member nations will apply to the member nations and those who vote against the resolution will not apply to the member nations opposing the resolution. This ensures that justice and fairness is served to all nations in the WA.

Another promise that I'll do if I win the election is to stop ideological dominance in the World Assembly. The World Assembly shall be neutral and free from any ideologies - either left or right wing. Ths World Assembly shall be a centrist organisation that works with all member nations in order to maintain peaceful cooperation and harmony.

My running mate, The Poland-Lithuania Commonwealth has experience in Foreign Affairs (he is currently Foreign Secretary of Europe). I hope that he could do the best in maintaining neutral relationships with all nations in the World Assembly regardless of ideological differences between member states.

That's the promises that I'll do once I win the Secretary General elections.
Vote for Herbshire, for a fair WA! For the Many, not the Few!

Read dispatch

La iberian kingdom and Peaceful bosnia and herzegovina

Rivierenland wrote:Sometimes i just watch r/arabfunny to purposely lose brain cells

don't.

Rivierenland, La iberian kingdom, and Peaceful bosnia and herzegovina

Libertandonien

Rivierenland wrote:The nanners must flow...

Guatemala: *takes Land from the Company and gives it to poor farmers*
UFC: Hey US, the leaders here are commies
The US: 😡

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