by Max Barry

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Ubalin Regional Message Board

Hearken to me, all the land gathered in one place: The court. The King's children. The officials. The youth. All the young men, who are in this land of Khem and Egypt. Give your attention to my utterance, that ye may know my plan for sustaining you alive. That ye may learn the might of my father, Amun-Kamutef, creator of my beauty, and my patron lord Sutekh, guarantor of the power of Pharaoh. He Before Whom The Sky Shakes. He whom establishes the dominion of Pharaoh over the Two Lands.

His great might, victor against every fallen foe beneath my feet. Amun and Sutekh, decree to me victory. And his hand is with me, so that every invader of my boundary is slain within my grasp. I am Setep-en-Re, the Chosen of Ra, whom he found among hundreds of thousands. Whom is established upon his throne for the safety of all.

When there was not a single man among them to rescue the land from the nine bows. I surrounded Egypt. I established Egypt by my valiant might. When I arose like the Sun, as King over the Two Lands, I protected Egypt. I expelled from Egypt the nine bows. Those who reached my boundary, their seed is not.

Their hearts and souls are finished forever. And for those whom have assembled before them on the sea, the full flame was against them. Before the harbor mounts and a wall of metal upon the shore surrounded them, they were dragged, overturned, and laid low upon the beach. Slain and made heaps from stern to bow. By law, their possessions were cast upon the waters, so they may remember Kemet in the afterlife

When they mention my name in their land, may it consume them while I sit upon the throne of Horakhty and the uraeus diadem is fixed upon my head like Ra. I permit not the countries to see the boundary of Kemet. As for the nine bows, I have taken away their land and their boundaries and they are added to mine. Their chiefs and their people come to me with praise. I carried out the plans of the All-Lord, Amun-Ra. Their just, divine father and lord of all the gods. Rejoice Ye old Kemet, to the height of heaven for I am king of the south and the north upon the throne of Atum. The Gods have appointed me to be king over Khem. To be victor, to expel foreigners from Khem. The gods decreed to me the kingdom while I was a child and my reign is full of plenty.

Strength has been given to me. Because of my benefactions to the netjeru from a heart of love. I have expelled the mourning that was in your hearts and made you dwell in peace. Those whom my hands overthrown shall not return. Their land, their desolation is a daily mention of my name, King Ramesses III. I have covered Khem. I have protected Khem by my valiant might. Since I assumed the rule of the kingdom, the might of my two arms brings terror among the nine bows. Not a land strays. They all adhere in my name. But they leave their cities, starting in their places forsaken before them.

I am a raging bull, confident in my two horns. My hand is equal to my courage, followed by valor. I am the strong and valiant one. My designs come to pass without fail. I have shown my excellence. Since I known the netjer, Amun-Ra, the father of the netjeru, I have not ignored his temples, but my heart has been steadfast to double the feast and offerings of what was done before. My heart is filled with truth and righteousness everyday. The netjeru are pleased with righteousness and truth. And their hands offer me the shield of my body, to ward off evil and misfortune from my limbs.

The King. Ruler of the Nine Bows. Lord of the Two Lands. Ramesses III, given life, stability, satisfaction, like Ra, forever.

The Great Light

The word Holy Bible derives from the Greek Words Helios Byblos. Helios means Sun and Biblos is derived from the ancient Egyptian word, papyrus, which means paper. "Holy Bible" means Sun Book (or compiled papers) and represents the knowledge of the "Children of the Sun" or “Sons of Light “as recorded by the original inhabitants of Egypt. The biblical Jesus, for the most part, is the SUN in the sky. The fiery SUN. John 3:19 "I am the Light of the world," Psalms 84:11 "the Lord God is a sun….," Deuteronomy 4:24 "God is a consuming fire," Mal. 4:2 "Sun of Righteousness," and John 12:46 "...a light into the world" are just a few examples.

The 12 apostles of the biblical Jesus are the constellations. Genesis 49 reveals an esoteric personification of the zodiac constellations. Note that when a number has an astronomical significance there’s some subtle reference to the cosmos.

People are not born from virgins. The Virgin birth is the SUN having its start (solar calendars) in the constellation of Virgo as it was in some areas of the world. (Virgo is Latin for virgin) The name Mary is symbolic to the names Auset-Meri (Isis) and Maya. Isis was the Virgin mother of the astrological Sun God Heru (Horus) of ancient Egypt. In Buddhist mythology, Maya was the name of the virgin mother of Siddhartha (the Buddha of 2,500 years ago). There are more astrological virgin mothers besides these three.

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1) No. Just no. Exodus 14 in no way explicitly or implicitly states that Pharaoh died at the Red Sea. Arguing otherwise betrays a very poor grasp of grammar.

"The waters returned and covered the chariots and the horsemen; of all the host of Pharaoh . . . and not one of them remained." The chariots, the horesmen, all the host of Pharaoh drowned. Not Pharaoh himself. Everywhere else in the Old Testament where a king or chief dies, their death is explicitly stated. It's not even implied here. Give it up.

2) I'm beginning to doubt that you're arguing in good faith. I already addressed, in depth, the problems with using Jericho as evidence of the Exodus. Until someone digs up explicit proof that it was an Israelite army responsible for the sack of the city in the 14th century, it proves nothing. And again I ask, IF the Israelites were rampaging through Canaan in the late 14th Century, how did they escape any mention by the Egyptians until 1208 BC? Because they weren't there in the 14th Century.

3) Yes the hymn to Aten bears a striking resemblance to Psalm 104. But Psalm 104 post-dates the Aten hymn by the better part of a millennium. Which contradicts you're whole schtick. Additionally, apart from the wording of the hymn, there is zero resemblance between the two gods or the religions attached to them.

I'm going to be very blunt, because it's becoming increasingly clear to me you're not arguing in good faith. You are presenting no arguments or evidence here that have not been exhaustively and decisively debunked by multiple experts in multiple fields. Your theory is nothing but an amalgamation of crackpot math, religious apologetics and popular junk historiography sold by Evangelical snake oil salesmen to gullible laypeople. Could the Exodus have happened? I honestly think there's a good chance something like it occurred, yes. But to quote a famous movie archaeologist, "you're digging in the wrong place."

1) The Pharaoh of the Exodus does NOT die in the Red Sea. His army drowns. He does not. The text is very clear about this.
Exodus 14 reads: "So Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, and the sea returned to its normal course. . . And the Lord threw the Egyptians into the midst of the sea. The waters returned and covered the chariots and the horsemen; of all the host of Pharaoh . . . and not one of them remained."

As you can see, no mention is made of Pharaoh, only his men. Some commentators have attempted to use the brief line from Psalm 136:15 ("He overthrew Pharaoh and his Host into the Sea), but this is a popular misconception born from a mistranslation of the original Hebrew verb. It does not read "overthrew" but "shook off," which in no way suggests Pharaoh died during the crossing.

Hence Ramses II, who both lost his first born son and had a military reputation for charging into situations half-cocked and getting his arse handed to him, makes as much if not more sense as a candidate than Amenhotep. ESPECIALLY when the other clues in both the Biblical and extra-biblical sources point to his reign as the likeliest time period for an Exodus-type event. More on the clues to follow.

2) Your faith in Manetho is problematic on multiple counts.

a) Yes, Manetho's Pharaoh of the Exodus is named Amenophis, but Amenophis does not die at the Red Sea. He goes into exile in Ethiopia, only to return with an army and defeat Osarseph (Moses). No mention of a sea crossing is made at all, let alone a disastrous one.

b) Manetho betrays his own ignorance by naming Seti I as Amenophis' son, and Ramses as his grandson, thus glossing over the reigns of at least four Pharaohs. He makes no mention of the Amarna heresy (except perhaps through the distorted lens of the Osarseph rebellion), nor of Tut, Ay, Horemheb, or Rameses I.

c) Manetho says Avaris was the city gifted by Pharaoh to, and rebuilt by, Moses'/Osarseph's followers. He asserts that by the time of Amenhotep, Avaris (the former Hyksos capital) had largely been abandoned. In this he manages for once to be correct, but only partially. While a naval station had been maintained in the area, the city itself was not heavily occupied. But his claim that the city enjoyed an 18th Dynasty renaissance is provably incorrect. While the city of Pi-Rameses was eventually built over the ruins of old

Avaris, this was done under the orders of Ramses II, not Amenhotep. The Bible tells us Pharaoh ordered the Israelites to build "store cities". Pi-Rameses was exactly that -- a city built as a logistical base for his campaigns in the Levant.
Taking into account Manetho's confusion of the late 18th and early 19th Dynasty chronologies, and the very same mention of "The City of Ramses" in the Bible, once again, a mid 13th century date for the purported Exodus is far more defensible archaeologically and historically.

3) Regarding the similarities between Israelite and Atenist theology. . .There are none, not beyond a surface gloss at least. . .Israelite monotheism was an Iron Age invention, not a late Bronze Age one. Thus while it is possible the religion of the Israelites drew some inspiration from the Amarna heresy, the reverse is chronologically impossible.

The Bible itself makes it abundantly obvious that those who followed Moses out of Egypt worshipped multiple deities, not just Yahweh, including, but not limited to El, Baal, and Asherah. To return to our dear, oft misguided friend Manetho, he clearly draws a relationship between the Hyksos and the later followers of Moses. If he is at all correct, then the source of early Israelite monolatrism was in the Set/Baal cult founded by the Hyksos, and interestingly enough, based in the city of Avaris.

If Akhenaten were the Pharaoh of the Exodus, and as you claim motivated in his change of religion by the awesome power of Moses' god(s), the question begs to be asked: which god? El? Baal? Yahweh? None of them bear the slightest resemblance to the Aten. Not in form, nor in function. Yahweh and Baal were functionally storm gods, deities of the wilderness, mountains, and of chaos. Aten was quite literally the Sun, a god of order and civilization. If the Pharaoh of the Exodus was so impressed by the power of Moses' religion, the Aten makes for an odd and illogical choice.

4) Finally, I'll address just a bit of your argument regarding dating.
Using the supposed fall of Jericho, or any timeline for the Israelite conquest of Canaan, as a yardstick to establish your chronology is a fool's errand. Historically and archaeologically, there is quite simply ZERO evidence for a conquest.

What evidence we do have for the existence of an early Israel again points to the late 13th century. NOT the 14th. This poses problems for your theory in particular, and any other that tries to draw parallels between the Exodus and the Amarna period. Armies under Horemheb, Seti, and Ramses II fought their way up and down the Levant throughout the late 14th and early 13th Centuries B.C.. Where was the formidable army of Joshua to oppose them? Why does the Bible itself fail to mention these campaigns?

If Israel had already left Egypt by the mid 14th century, Joshua should have been rampaging through Canaan right around the time Seti and Ramses II were campaigning there. Arguably, several Canaanite city states should already have been under Israelite control. Yet it isn't until 1208 B.C., under Ramses' successor Merneptah, that we get the first mention of Israel.

The Mereneptah Stele is the earliest attestation we have, and it clearly refers to Israel as a people, not a place. Thus in 1208, according to the only archaeological source we have, the Israelites were still on the move. Interestingly enough, that 1208 date does, just barely, fit within a chronology that sets the Exodus during the 1250's. What it does not do is support an earlier date for the Exodus.

I could go on, but this is too long already. So to conclude, playing mathematical semantics with dating systems and biblical claims may be entertaining, it is not an exact science. Perhaps if your calculations jived well with the rest of the historical, archaeological, and theological context, they might hold some weight. But quite simply, the theological evidence does not support any connection between Atenism and the early religion of the Israelites. The textual evidence repeatedly suggests a 19th Dynasty date for the origin of the Exodus story. And the archaeological evidence supports the same. IF there was an Exodus, and that is a VERY big "if", it occurred early in the 19th Dynasty, probably during the reign of Ramses II.

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