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1963년 05월 06일
_{Park Announces Dam Projects}

_{Korea Strives For Energy Independence}

_{SEOUL, Rutannia — AFTERNOON}

| Korean Prime Minister, Park Chung-hee, addressed an audience of business leaders and journalists on a visit to the Cheongpyeong Dam outside Seoul. The Prime Minister along with the Minister for Energy announced plans to create the Korea Electric Company through the integration of the Korea Electric Power Company and two distribution companies, Gyeongsung Electric Company and the South Pyeongan Electric Company. The new Korea Electric Company would become a wholly government body under the control of the Ministry of Commerce, Park emphasised that this was a move to better regulate prices in the industry and provide a better service to consumers, and that private enterprise in the energy sector was still perfectly legal but regulated by the Electricity Regulatory Committee. |

| Further on in the speech Park announced the beginning of a dam building project that would be multifaceted in its nature. The main feature of all dams would be to provide hydro-electric power to Korea, the secondary purpose would be to control flooding and the flow of the rivers in question, several initial sites have been outlined with a committee established to further identify other sites for the second phase of the project. In phase one three sites are in the south, the remaining site in the north. The Prime Minister stated it was his ambition to construct further dams on the Yalu River, but that required working with the People's Republic of China, which Korea does not recognise. The phase one sites are listed as follow; |

• Soyang River - six miles northeast of Chuncheon

• Geum River - ten miles north of Daejeon

• Nakdong River - two miles east of Andong

• Taedong River - in the City of Nampo

| The four initial sites outlined would constitute phase one of the project with the Soyang River site to be the first to begin construction in the next two years, aiming to be completed by 1970. The Soyang River Dam or the Soyang Dam would be an embankment dam used for controlling flood waters; creating a water supply and providing hydro-electric power to the region. The initial plans list the dam at 123 metres tall and 530 metres in length with the expected capacity of the reservoir in the region of 3,000,000,000 m3, the water would then be fed to the power station which would have three Francis type water turbines. |

| The most ambitious of the phase one dams is the Taedong River Dam, or the Nampo Sea Gate; as the name suggests it would close the river off from the Yellow Sea, with the aim of generating power for the region; stopping seawater intrusion into the freshwater generating more water supply and improving irrigation in the region. The sea gate is currently in the initial planning phase; but outline sketches suggest the system of dams would total five miles in length over all with a series of lock systems and sluices to allow ships to continue passing through. The dam would be the last constructed in phase one, although to save face Park suggested that Nampo would be phase 1.5 rather than part of the initial phase. |

| The Prime Minister further outlined that he expected phase one of the project to be finished by the middle of the next decade with phase two to begin by the beginning of the 1980s, and the framework would be enshrined in the National Assembly. Park also made clear that all dams would be subject to an environmental impact study, following the outcry from Iraq over Kurdistan’s construction of a dam, the impacts would be published in the government records, but insisted energy independence was vital for Korea’s future, and that recommendations were merely that, recommendations. |

| MAY PEUT 1963 |

CAR ★ THE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC 
Ködörösêse tî Bêafrîka KTB
République centrafricaine RCF |

THE PEOPLE’S RESOURCE:
DACKO ATTEMPTS TO END THE DIAMOND MONOPOLY IN THE YOUNG REPUBLIC!
LA RESSOURCE POPULAIRE :
DACKO TENTE DE METTRE FIN AU MONOPOLE DU DIAMANT DANS LA JEUNE RÉPUBLIQUE !

| The number one export of The Central African Republic had long since been the precious diamond. Concessionary Companies held a strict monopoly over the mining of Diamonds in the Young Republic. David Dacko looked to end this monopoly upheld by foreigner’s and elites and set to pass a law only the mining of diamonds by any citizen of the Central African Republic. Dacko would express the need to uplift every Central African and empower them with the wealth that Europeans had for centuries. |

| Violence would inevitably break in the diamond heavy regions between the Mining Companies security and civilian miners in the region leading to the death of ten civilians near the village of Dongo. Outrage over this incident was quelled relatively quickly by Dacko citing the incident as just growing pains and suppressing civilians from taking further action against the companies. Knowing he still needs to appease the foreigners in The Central African Republic. The two faces of Dacko increasingly being pulled opposite from each other. |

UNITY, DIGNITY, WORK

UNITÉ, DIGNITÉ, TRAVAIL

RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE

FRENCH BUREAUCRACY 

MINISTÈRE DES OUTRE-MER

______

MINISTRY OF THE OVERSEAS: DE GAULLE PUTS RENEWED FOCUS ON OVERSEAS DÉPARTEMENTS WHICH MAY BRIGHTEN FRANCE'S FUTURE
_{VTH REPUBLIC | PARIS, MAY 1963}

_{| HELM OF L'EMPIRE, MINISTÈRE DES OUTRE-MER - | Last week, Michel Debré, the former premier of France, hurried back to the forefront of French politics after a humiliating exile. Debré, who had been forced from office by President Charles de Gaulle in 1962 and had been succeeded by Georges Pompidou, appeared to have been permanently cast into the background until last November, when he ran as a candidate for the National Assembly in a supposedly safe district and was soundly defeated by a local garage owner despite a French Social Party landslide.}

_{Debré was adamant to give it another shot, even though he had to fly 6,000 miles to the tiny, volcanic rock in the Indian Ocean held by France known as Réunion Island, where a by-election provided him with a second chance to run for the Assembly. Debré, who was stern and exacting, took no chances. He flew to Saint-Denis, the département's capital, and launched a vigorous campaign there, having 70 meetings over the course of three humid, sweating weeks. Debré defeated his unlucky rival 30,908 to 7,365, as was confidently expected, in part because to the Réunion strategy known as the "promenade," in which opposition voters are transported ineffectively from polling location to polling location while being informed at each that they are not registered there. De Gaulle now sees Debré more favorably than he did when he was premier a year ago. According to waggish Parisian commentary, Pompidou was like a mistress that De Gaulle enjoyed seeing but who lost a lot of his charms when he became la légitime, or wife. If De Gaulle grants the anticipated approval, which Michel Debré hopes to receive, he will assume leadership of the Parti Social Français overseas département faction in the Assembly and use his unquestionable talents to address the party's recent stride towards investing in overseas départements and the few colonies which France still controls.}

_{It has been over 20 years since France initially started investing and exploring the resourceful overseas département of French Guiana. Drastic administrative reform was inaugurated by Governor Bouge in 1931. Geographical surveys showed heavy traces of gold, silver, lead, and copper. Also discovered were relatively large phosphate deposits and valuable rosewood forests. However French Guiana at the time was still known as France's penal colony. Therefor young Frenchmen hesitated to go there and colonize. Thus the French government at the time decreed that no longer would French convicts be shipped to French Guiana and instead vast efforts would be launched to develop the sparsely populated French exclave. From 1931 to 1935 shiploads of French colonial laborers were sent to French Guiana and concentrated in camps were they were tasked to build roads and cantonments. The spreading 'South American Gold Rush' made its way to French Guiana after the Columbus Mining S.A. discovered and assessed a new large-scale gold deposit alongside 3 of Newmont Gold Groupe's equally sizable deposits. The new Columbus gold deposit is said to hold approximately 26,000 tonnes of gold. The other 3 deposits controlled by Newmont have a combined total of 90,000 tonnes of gold. While the gold rush has had a somewhat late arrival to French Guiana, the territory has become one of the most lucrative locations on the continent, even beating out the neighboring territories of Suriname and Guyana. The French Government has moved to invest heavily in the mining of the gold in French Guiana alongside large deposits of cobalt, bauxite, diamonds, lead, copper, silver, and platinum. The total value of French Guiana's mineral deposits remains undetermined, however France's dependence on external imports of such minerals exist only for surplus reasons. The French Government has pledged to reinvest a percentage of the earnings from the gold back into French Guiana. Apart from the material resource riches, Guiana also possesses a large agriculture sector with livestock farming, fishing, sugar, cocoa, bananas, and other fruits and vegetable being the primary industries.}

_{Construction on a number of infrastructure projects in French Guiana were launched between 1933 up to present day in hopes of boosting the growing economy of the overseas territory. The vast expansion of Port Vieux in Cayenne and the building of a completely new port in Kourou is finally completed after more than 15 years. The expansion of harbor facilities promises to facilitate the further exportation of minerals and other resources out of French Guiana. Construction of Adolphe Brezet Airport to the Southeast of Cayenne between Route de Remire and Route des Plages will also increase the number of visitors and flow of airborne cargo. The new airport will be substantially closer to the city as the smaller and less efficient Félix Eboué Airport is just over 17 kilometres from the actual capital city of Cayenne itself. Perhaps the largest of the new infrastructure projects is the construction of the Cayenne Nuclear Power Plant located at the mouth of the Cayenne and Montsinéry Rivers. Due to French Guiana's small population it will only produce up to 1,000 KW of power which is by far more than enough for the 360,000 people who currently live there. The surplus power will be sold to neighboring countries such as Brazil. The Cayenne Nuclear Power Plant will employ French standards and protocols in addition to the clean disposal and recycling of nuclear waste. It is hoped that building the plant will encourage the use of clean energy and environmentally safe energy practices by other countries in the South American region. The French rail company SNCF has completed railways in French Guiana leading from Cayenne and branching out towards Brazil and Suriname which brings in additional transportation methods with heavy rail cars and engines. The French Government hopes to boost French Guiana's economy significantly and have over 1 million citizens living there within the next few decades.}

_{The development of France's Space Program is set for an expansion in French Guiana as well with a new Guiana Space Centre being constructed just northwest of Kourou. Kourou is conveniently located just 310 miles (500km) north of the equator, at a latitude of 5°. This will give French space rockets a slight boost during takeoff and cut down on fuel usage, thus giving the French Space Program a geographic and gravitational advantage. Much of that fuel used for rocket testing and space flight will be drilled and refined right in Kourou itself with the expansion of an existing refinery already there and the recent discovery and surveying of the offshore Tullow Oil Field which is part of the much larger Guyana Offshore Oil Basin. The Tullow Oil Field is of similar size to the Dutch and British Oil Field located off the coast of Suriname and Guyana. With a confirmed estimate conducted by offshore oil surveyors, the Tullow Oil Field is said to hold over 11 billion barrels of crude oil. Drilling permits have already been acquired by Total Oil S.A. as the French government is prepared to fully exploit the new discovery while also financing additional offshore surveys. |}

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VIVE LA RÉPUBLIQUE!

VIVE LA FRANCE!

VIVE L’EMPIRE!

_{𝐄𝐌𝐁𝐑𝐀𝐂𝐄 𝐂𝐎𝐋𝐎𝐍𝐈𝐀𝐋𝐈𝐒𝐌
𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐌𝐎𝐍𝐖𝐄𝐀𝐋𝐓𝐇 𝐎𝐅 𝐋𝐈𝐁𝐄𝐑𝐓𝐘}

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May 1963
_{Modernity Advances}

I R A N

THE SHAH’S REFORMS ONWARD
_{Anglo channel}

A country’s king can never be at peace.
The fears and trials he faces never cease.
— The Persian Book of Kings

_{The streets of Teheran erupted with irate cries once more. To engage in combat with the students, 2,000 workers assaulted the university grounds. Steel-helmeted police broke up a three-day walkout effort by religious leaders in the bustling bazaar. The social reforms of Iran's 43-year-old Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlevi, the monarch of kings, were the focus of all the passion. The Shah finally began taking land from Iran's feudal village owners and religious leaders and giving it to the peasants after years of delaying. He also ordered proprietors of companies to give workers a 20% cut of their profits.}

_{The idea was not well received by the Muslim mullahs, whose shrine lands were offered for lease to Iran's landless farmers. Following election fraud by the lawmakers, students protested the Shah's dissolution of the Majlis (parliament) and attempted to derail the royal land reform bill with 93 amendments. Since then, the Shah has been in power by order and has granted 50,000 peasant families in 3,500 villages access to 2,000,000 acres of private land in exchange for payment to the owners.}

_{It was a notable accomplishment for a king who had previously appeared ineffective and unable to quell the mounting unrest of Iran's impoverished masses. Few people could have predicted a decade ago that workers and farmers would be shouting his chants and waving his banners. However, they were there right before the important vote to decide whether or not the country would support his expansive plans to provide relief to impoverished Iranians in the countryside and in the cities. Women were granted the right to vote for the first time ever, equally excited, a record number of the country's poor people turned out to vote. The Shah predicted a resounding victory, and early results showed that his referendum was supported by an overwhelming 1,000 to 1 majority. Western observers question the validity of the results. The Shah's revelation that he was giving the last of his own royal territory, 3,500,000 acres on the Caviar Coast of the Caspian, to the Iranian state and away from the crown’s private portfolio, on the eve of elections undoubtedly contributed to the public's enthusiasm.}

_{31.𝚇𝙸𝙸.1962}
_{RAPPORTO SULL'ATTENTATO AL SIGNORE ENRICO MATTEI DEL 27 OTTOBRE 1962}
REPORT ON THE ASSASSINATION ATTEMPT CONDUCTED ON MR. ENRICO MATTEI ON OCTOBER 27, 1962

EYES ONLY - S.I.F.A.R. - SECRETARY FOR COUNTER-INTELLIGENCE AND STATE SECURITY

BRIEF

---

On October 27, 1962, Enrico Mattei - Chairman of E.N.I. - avoided death as a an explosive device went off in his airplane, a jet Morane-Saulnier MS.760 Paris parked on the runway of Catania, Sicily. Mr. Mattei as well as the two other persons scheduled on the flight from Catania to Milan (Mr. Irnerio Bertuzzi, pilot, and Mr. William McHale, American journalist for the "Time-Life Magazine") were in the airport at the time of detonation. All were safely evacuated. The investigation, diligently conducted by the S.I.F.A.R. since that tragic date, has been hampered by several extra-normal events: 1) The disappearance of some debris before their collection by government agents; 2) several delays in the relay of information. Because of this, proper investigation of any bomb debris has been impossible, with the only certainty that the explosive device was placed in the landing gear of the jet. Eyewitnesses have so far not provided any useful testimony.

In the time since, public preoccupations with Mr. Mattei's fate and his own brand of paranoia has complicated matters. Indeed, S.I.F.A.R. investigators have been faced with an increasingly difficult cooperation in regards to the case, and Mr. Mattei as well as his private security have cut communications on December 20th, probably frustrated at the slow pace of the investigations. Mr. Mattei has made many enemies during his career, and as such, our investigations have given a three-tier list of possible culprits.

HIGHEST SUSPICION :  French Secret Services; French O.A.S. remnants; Italian or Italo-American organized crime.
MID-LEVEL SUSPICION : American C.I.A.
LOWEST SUSPICION : Other foreign services, politically-motivated domestic agitators — of communistic or fascistic tendencies — , covert operatives of Slovene, Yugoslav or Soviet origin.

The rationale for each entity listed in the former two categories can be found below.
It should be noted that those are only preliminary findings. S.I.F.A.R. does not formulate accusations and recommends against any action based on the theoretical origins of the perpetrators.

1) French Secret Services or French O.A.S.
Mr. Mattei having made several declarations in support of Algerian rebels has very good reason to anger the French; not to mention the aggressive strategies pursued by his company. 

2) and 3) Organized crime and American C.I.A.
Due to the close diplomatic and military links between Rome and Washington, it is unlikely to see direct American intervention on Italian soil. However, any enmity could be solved by the timely intervention of Italo-American organized crime, whose varied networks run deep in both countries. It could be understood that through the so-called 'Mafia', the American government decided to eliminate or warn Mr. Mattei. Like the French, the Americans have reasons to be irate about Mr. Mattei and his numerous dealings with non-traditional trade partners or Middle-Eastern ones.

Unfortunately at the time of this brief, Your Excellency, we remain in a most obscure night. Until more evidence surfaces, it is unlikely that S.I.F.A.R.'s investigation into the assassination attempt conducted on Mr. Enrico Mattei on October 27, 1962, see any closure.

_{Commonwealth of Liberty}
EVVIVA L'ITALIA!
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June, 1963 

Atbarah River Dam Complex, Khashm El Girba, Kassala Province, The Republic Of Sudan

POWERING AND DEVELOPING THE EAST

Free of foreign and or exploitive powers attempting to monopolize the natural resources of Sudanese land, had allowed the national economy to grow beyond the cultivation and exportation of raw resources. Throughout the last two decades, the urban economies of the Nile Valley had transformed into industrious ones, with the power to locally produce and make resources out of the raw minerals it had previously exported to factories in far-off lands like South Asia and Europe. Of course, while the outflow of raw minerals continued in the trade market Sudan shared with its business partners, the industrial advancement of the country had been remarkable in the rise of the national economy and national standards of living.

However the industrialization of a still primarily agrarian economy had unsettled the delicate balance of functionality in Sudanese cities, While the amount of citizens moving from the countryside to the urban cities in search of better jobs wasn’t as notable compared to other developing nations, the rising demand for energy to power the factories and daily services of the urban economies had left Sudan in an unreliable and unbalanced dependency on the export of European coal to power Sudan’s power plants and therefore power the industrial economy.

In addition, the economic prioritization of cash crop exportation and production of resources, such as the national treasure of cotton, had left other vital crops for human consumption, such as wheat and beans, underdeveloped in the agricultural sector. This could have resulted in dangerous levels of food insecurity throughout impoverished regions of the country, if not for the Agricultural Development Act that stores up and buys corps from food production regions of Sudan and redistributes them through the Sudan Relief Foundation, to parts of the country facing insecurity. The nation’s overhauled and efficient meat industry had also been another great contributor to avoiding food insecurities in the country and keeping the population well-fed, but the underdevelopment of the nation’s breadbasket has been deemed unacceptable, by the Azheri Administration upon the beginning of his second term in office back in 1961, who had moved to revitalize a new economic and agricultural powerhouse in the country’s eastern provinces.

The Atbarah River, otherwise rarely known as the “Black Nile”, is the last major tributary of the Nile River before it dumps off into the Mediterranean, The Atbarah and its tributary the Setit River, flows into the Kassala region of Sudan from the Ethiopian Highlands. Between July to October, waterfowl at the River Atbarah would rise to 18ft above its normal outflow. This arid region of the country had been a relatively empty and sparsely populated stretch of land between the two populated urban centers of Kassala and Al Qadarif, with few farms and underdeveloped properties between the two economic centers. It is for that reason, that Agricultural Minister Arafat Suhaili picked this region that the Atbarah River flows through, to begin a new agricultural revitalization program that would bring farming and cultivation to the region, as well as solve the question of the Sudanese citizens displaced in Halfa Province by the rising waters of Lake Nubia, known globally as Lake Nasser.

As the decade began, the Sudanese Government upon securing some funds and loans from the IMF, as well as investments from neighboring and aligned countries, had embarked on a public works project in 1961, upon the establishment of the Atbarah River Dam at Khashm Al Girba. Close to its completion in 1964, the dam would serve three main purposes. First, it would provide irrigation to a new farming and agricultural development region, set up along the banks of the Atbarah. The second purpose works hand in hand with the first, as it is also to bring about much-needed land value and development to the region, which would become home to two new farming villages, Degheim and New Halfa, which would house the displaced Halfa residents from the Aswan Dam reservoir. And finally, the hydroelectric power plant at the dam would help contribute locally produced power supply to the towns and cities along the Atbarah River, and most importantly to the industrious city of Atbarah itself, which seeks to find an alternative to the imported coal powering the city.

The new farming region is meant to bring about the development of human consumption crops such as wheat, beans, sugar cane, and peanuts. This development plan is anticipated to bring about a plethora of new jobs and opportunities to the region and to the cities of Kassaka and Qadarif, which shall stand to benefit from a possibly industrious future aimed at processing the cultivated wheat and beans produced in the eastern fertile plains.

AL-NASRU LENA!
AL-NASRU LE SUDAN!

_{Written for the RMB Screen of the}
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STATUS CIVITATIS VATICANAE

VATICAN CITY STATE 

THE HOLY SEE

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SECRETARY OF STATE OF HIS HOLINESS: POPE JOHN XXIII ASCENDS INTO HEAVEN — CARDINAL MONTINI ASCENDS TO SAINT PETER'S THRONE AS POPE PAUL VI
_{VATICAN CITY | ROME, JUNE MCMLXIII}

_{| SECRETARIUS STATUS SANCTITATIS SUAE - | Pentecost, the significant Christian holiday commemorating the arrival of the Holy Spirit upon Jesus' Apostles, has not yet broken. Five thousand people kept vigil in the starry St. Peter's square on the cold June night. Some people prayed, while others conversed, and some—Rome being what it is—eyed their neighbors in search of a bulging pocketbook or an exposed handbag clasp. The majority of those gathered for the vigil frequently turned to gaze at the lit windows on the Vatican Palace's top level. There, Pope John XXIII's life was slowly but surely ebbing away.}

_{The Pope's brothers and sister from Bergamo, as well as his secretary and confidant Monsignor Loris Capovilla, were present in John's white-painted bedroom, keeping watch with his doctors over the coma-stricken body on the straightforward brass bed. Men were already striving to gauge the magnificence of this 261st successor of St. Peter as Bishop of Rome as Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli clung to life at the age of 81. With his apostolic constitution, Veterum Sapientfi, which served as a stern warning to anyone who would remove Latin from its position of primacy in the church, Pope John XXIII was occasionally unintelligible but a staunch conservative. The highly publicized Synod of Rome in 1960 gave the local clergy a new sense of spiritual energy. John was responsible for founding the Vatican's Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity, sending representatives to the third assembly of the World Council of Churches in New Delhi, and inviting more than 40 Protestants and Orthodox Christians to attend the Vatican II sessions. John accomplished nothing to eliminate the significant doctrinal barriers that stand in the way of ecumenical unity, but by setting a good example of love, he inspired scholars and church leaders to join in identifying the areas of common ground in the Christian faith. In the words of Dr. Willem Visser't Hooft, General Secretary of the World Council: "He changed the history of church relations."}

_{It is said to every Pope when he receives the triple tiara at his coronation: "Thou art the father of princes and of kings, Pontiff of the whole world." Pope John seemed more like a global father than the cunning, blunt Pius XI or the ascetic, aristocratic Pius XII, and his teachings were heard by all mankind in addition to the 650 million Roman Catholics. Two of his encyclicals are perhaps classics, and many people outside of the Roman Catholic Church were intrigued by them. He updated the tradition of Catholic social doctrine initially presented by Leo XIII in Rerum Novarum in Mater et Magistra (1961), upholding both the legality of "socialization" for the common good and man's freedom to private property. The first encyclical, Pacem in Terris, which was written for "all men of good will," not just bishops and the faithful, provided a clear vision for a peaceful society founded on justice, truth, order, and liberty. For the first time ever in recorded history, a Pope endorsed constitutional democracy. The Vatican declared on May 21st that John had ceased all public appearances in order to engage in a peaceful, spiritual retreat for nine days before to the feast of the Pentecost. John twice showed up at a window instead of his intended audience to pray with the people gathering below in St. Peter's Piazza. While it appeared to onlookers that the Pope was worn out but still mobile, the truth was that he had experienced internal bleeding and was confined to bed for the majority of the day.}

_{The Pope had "gastric heteroplasia," a tumor that may have been malignant, but only surgery could determine this; however, it produced hemorrhages and anemia, which was gradually revealed by the secretive Vatican. The Pope was being intravenously fed since he was unable to swallow food. Dr. Piero Mazzoni, one of Italy's top anesthesiologists, entered the Vatican under 24-hour guard to deliver transfusions, coagulants, and morphine injections—the only therapies available because physicians declined to perform an operation or conduct radiation therapy. After the hemorrhage restarted at midnight on Thursday, the illness's rapid progress led to peritonitis, an inflammation of the abdominal lining. The Pope received the viaticum (last Communion) in the morning from Monsignor Giuseppe Cavagna, his confessor. The ceremony of severe unction was carried out, and John's body was anointed with holy oil by Monsignor Peter van Lierde, Sacristan of the Holy Palaces. According to L'Osservatore Romano, after that John summoned Monsignor Cavagna to his bedside and in a clear, firm voice the august Pontiff confirmed his profound love for the church and all souls and again gave his life for the peaceful conclusion of the Ecumenical Council and for peace among men. The Holy Father frequently recited "Ut unum sint [so that all may be one]" throughout his speech in front of an emotional audience.}

_{As the long day dragged on, people gathered outside St. Peter's to pray and observe, and a steady stream of guests arrived at the pope's bedside. John discussed naming the three cardinals in petto whose names he had kept a secret since 1960 with a group of senior cardinals, including Amleto Cicognani, the Vatican's Secretary of State, and Eugene Tisserant, Alfredo Ottaviani, and others. Additionally, the Pope blessed the cardinals and expressed gratitude for their assistance. The Pope said, "I'm sorry to be leaving." Ottaviani retorted, "To many, it seems to be the hand of God." The Pope's sister and three brothers were taken to the bedside by Giovanni Cardinal Montini, the Archbishop of Milan, who some French clergymen refer to as "Le Dauphin" because they think he will succeed John. The Pope initially did not recognize them; nevertheless, as time went on, he came to embrace them one by one and recited the statement made by Christ before to the raising of Lazarus: "I am the resurrection and the life." The Vatican declared that the Pope had "entered into agony"—the last hours—around midnight on Friday. He is no longer in pain. He is dying right now. But John's incredible heart—"the heart of a horse," according to one onlooker—would not fail. He entered and exited comas, blessing everyone in the chamber during each period of awareness, and offering his suffering once more "for the council and for peace." The Pope once said, as his doctor knelt over him, "With death a new life starts—the glorification of Christ." He muttered the name of Jesus repeatedly. "I have been able to follow my death step by step," John said in response to a monsignor who saw that he appeared to have recovered. "I am now moving smoothly toward the finish line."}

_{Benedetto Aloisi Masella, the 53 cardinals who reside outside of Italy, and the Vatican's Cardinal Camerlengo (Chamberlain) will all assemble in the Eternal City one by one for the nine days of mourning in John's honor and the lowering of his triple coffin made of wood, lead, and cypress into the crypt beneath St. Peter's. A conclave to elect the new Pope will take place between 15 and 18 days after his passing. The cardinals will be walled into a complex of chambers, including the Sistine Chapel, with each being accompanied by two assistants. As one French bishop stated last week, "as far as we're concerned, the Pope has been dead for a month." Speculation has long ago started. It will be challenging to forecast the conclave—certainly more challenging than the one that chose John in 1958. The Sacred College was thus tragically decimated as a result of Pius XII's disregard for Vatican administrative details; so many cardinals were on the verge of death that the choice was readily limited to a few candidates. With 82 cardinals, more than half of whom were created by John, the conclave that elects the next Pope will be the biggest in history. By midday on June 21st, a crowd had amassed in St. Peter's Square and was huddled close to the Apostolic Palace's windows. The 82 cardinals who had convened there to elect Pope John XXIII's successor had only voted twice thus far. However, no one had expected a protracted conclave—and the expectations were accurate.}

_{At 11:22, white smoke started to rise from the flimsy metal chimney that rose from the Sistine Chapel, where used ballots were ceremonially burned in a burner. Two times the previous day, a few puffs of white smoke had at first risen, but they quickly turned disappointingly black, indicating that no Pope had been selected. There was no error this time; the smoke was pure white, or beautiful bianca. The Vatican Radio, which had twice prematurely announced election results during the 1958 conclave, enthusiastically verified the information shortly after. Rome recognized that only one guy could have won the election, hence just six ballots were required. Within an hour, there were more than 100,000 people in the square, and all of the Roman streets west of the Tiber were jam-packed with traffic. A huge cheer rose from the crowd as Alfredo Ottaviani, Secretary of the Holy Office and senior Cardinal-Deacon of the Sacred College, finally made his appearance on the central balcony of St. Peter's Basilica with a retinue of clergy. He croaked in Latin, "I announce to you tidings of great joy." We have a Pope, "Habemus papam. He is the most revered and illustrious Cardinal Giovanni Battista. . ." Ottaviani did not have to finish; with one voice the crowd shouted back the last name: "Montini! Montini!" Ottaviani finished his customary proclamation with a broad smile, "... who has taken the name of Paul VI."}

_{There were cheers and gasps. Then, as the slender (5 ft 10 in., 154 lbs. ), upright new Pope stepped out to deliver his first blessing to the city and the world, a thundering shout that came from the wave of waving handkerchiefs welcomed him. He was wearing a white cassock and a thick scarlet stole. Many people were reminded of Pius XII by his elegant, ascetic mannerisms. "He looks like he's been Pope all his life," a reporter remarked. |}

______

Gloria Patri, et Filio, et Spiritui Sancto,

Sicut erat in principio, et nunc, et semper, et in sæcula sæculorum. Amen.

_{𝐄𝐌𝐁𝐑𝐀𝐂𝐄 𝐑𝐎𝐌𝐄
𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐌𝐎𝐍𝐖𝐄𝐀𝐋𝐓𝐇 𝐎𝐅 𝐋𝐈𝐁𝐄𝐑𝐓𝐘}

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_{★ REPÚBLICA REVOLUCIONARIA CUBANA ★}

_{|| JUN 1963 ||}

CH6: LUUUUUUUUUUUUUCHA LIIIIIIIIIIIIIIBRE

As Cuban revolutionaries were exiled from Cuba following their first failed attempt at revolution, they regrouped in Mexico. Not much really is known about what these events in Mexico entailed, but other than Che Guevara meeting the revolutionaries, Mexico also served as the first place where the revolutionaries began to physically train and prepare themselves for guerilla struggle. This happened under the tutelege of one man, Kid Vanegas, a professional luchador who trained Castro and set up shelter for him and the revolutionaries in Mexico.

This however is not the only entalgment pro wrestling and Cuba have, in fact wrestling has a rich history in Cuba dating back to the 1930s. Taking influence most from the United States, big characters, colorful attires, and hard hitting technical wrestling reigned supreme in Cuba. Shows regularly sold out, and big American stars would occasionally preform in tours in the small island.

In the mid 40s and early 50s, Cuba had its wrestling boom. Two big promotions emerged, foreign workers came to Cuba to wrestle on its cards, and wrestling found itself on national television. Peaking in 1953, weekly shows drew sold out venues and thousands of viewers on television. However this boom soon waned in the face of poor investment and inability to capitalize on this peak. Soon the tv deals faded away, and at least one promotion closed down. 

The Cuban revolution has however heralded a new lifeline. With the government aiming to promote sports and entertainment, some officials have laid their eyes on Cuban wrestling. Its scripted nature, and over the top characters make it the perfect venue to showcase the ideals of the Cuban new man and portray the enemies of state in a fun and entertaining way. Bolstered by the return of famous promoter Gilberto Becerra into the wrestling scene following a short hiatus promoting amateur boxing, Cuban wrestling finds itself with a new hope. 

This indeed found itself coming to fruition. Facilitated by the Libermann liberalization reforms, and the popularity of wrestling, a joint project between the Cuban government, promoter Gilberto Becerra, and Mexican booker Velente Perez who worked with Becerra before, a new promotion in Havana has been established. The Federación Cubana de Lucha Libre, or the FCLL (Cuban Wrestling Federation), was officially registered in the spring of 1963. 

The new promotion has found itself with a few advantages its predecessors hasn't. It has government support, a prime time slot in Canal 2 which allows it to reach a wide audience, and a new innovative style not practiced previously. A mix of influences thanks to Cuba's location and post-revolutionary society, Cuba has maintained its influenced from America in the shape of over the top characters and elaborate storylines, but has also begun to take influence from Mexican lucha libre in the form of masked luchadores and agile wrestling, and topping it off with Socialistic influences such as the focus on a working class hero, and the prominence of women in the wrestling shows, an unusual thing during this time. 

With a blend of influences that is sure to set the promotion apart, a national TV deal, access to both Cuban and Mexican wrestlers, and official governmental support, the FCLL finds itself in a unique position that should it capitalize on, may make it one of the success stories of Cuba. However only time will tell if this project shall end in success. 

______________


VIVA CUBA!
VIVA FIDEL!

First Shura Tribals Council meeting today
ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ

^{Imam's Palace, Taiz, Kingdom of Yemen}

^{7 July 1963}

^{The Shura Tribals Council met today, in the presence of the King, the Prime Minister, the ministers, the Chief Justice, tribal leaders, and tribal judges. Some of the needs of the tribes and the most important orders related to the development of Yemen were presented and discussed, the most important of which are: -}

<sup>- To send ten strong men to choose from them those who are suitable to join the police force that will be established.
- Reducing qat cultivation by half of the lands currently cultivated.
- Alternative cultivations of qat will be determined according to what is appropriate for each region.
- The production of new crops will be purchased at a price 5% higher than the market.
- Part of the Qat crop will also be purchased in an attempt to market it outside Yemen.</sup>

^{The meeting ended with the majority of attendees satisfied with what was presented, and it was a successful session.}
----

^{After the meeting ended, while the tribesmen were leaving the palace, a conversation took place between two men in one of the corridors of the palace.}

^{Hamid al-Qardai, the leader of the Hashid tribal, said: This psychopath wants to make us lose our agriculture
Sadiq al-Gazami replied: Man, he said that he will compensate you for growing Qat and buy other crops.
al-Qardai responds with emotion: Of course you do not know. Your tribe does not grow Qat, but my tribe is all we know how to grow.
al-Gazami replies: This serves the public interest as...
al-Qardai interrupts him irritated: If any of the king’s soldiers approaches my land, I will bury him there before he approaches my crops.}

^{The two walked away while one of the soldiers was hiding and heard what they said and ran immediately to tell the commander of the king’s guard.}

_{Written for the RMB Screen of the}
COMMONWEALTH OF LIBERTY
—

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Vancouver Straits
Victoria Harbor
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Virnall

✪ | République du Bénin

"Poverty should not be viewed by us as a humiliation!"

~ Mathiue Kerekou

____________

N E W   G O V E R M E N T    F O R M E D    B Y     N E W C O M E R !

The name Pierre Hamadou is not one that is familiar to many people, however to those in the know within the Beninese political circles, he was a name to keep an eye on. Coming from a family of elites in Porto-Novo, and having completed his education abroad, Hamadou quickly found his way navigating the post coup governments that arose from the chaos of the first republic of Dahomey. In this, he found his ticket to power in Lt. Col. Mathiue Kerekou who took him on as an advisor. An economist by profession, though a hobbyist poet in his free time as well, Hamadou soon found his opportunity and pounced on it after now President Kerekou began forming a new governments to guide the country towards a stable future.

Immediately inaugurating a technocratic government, that placed emphasis on an equal share between northern and southern Beninese, Premier Hamadou signed off on one of the more important proposals, which was the so-called 'Africanization' policy suggested by President Kerekou. The policy, which was touted as the key to solving all of Benin's future, saw the renaming of many villages and provinces back to their pre-colonial names, and Dahomey adopting the name Benin, an ode to the previous empire by the same name, as a way to distance the country from its colonial past.

This shift was also accompanied by a number of other proposals to strenghen this policy, such as the adoption of an 'African' economy, a shorthand for promoting free-market economics, and the elimination of tribal opposition, which in effect has meant simply bribing tribal chiefs in an effort to pacify their opposition. This ambitious policies and strangely efficient process of government has been caused only merely by the huge influx of foreign aid from the United States, which freed up coffers for bribery and pacification. As well as provided the resources to pursue new policy.

Meanwhile, mercenary Bob Denard has been quick in making sure that Benin's military is in shape, recently inaugurating the 'Vangaurd Company', a 500-man so-called elite force composed mainly of Malian and French mercenaries, as well as Beninese soldiers trained by Denard. He has also been offering advisory on economic and political matters, and has engaged in a few operations to...quietly deal with opposition that are unable to be bribed or pacified.

President Kerekou in the past 7 month since his ascension to power has also been working on legitimizing his authority, announcing elections for 1965 and touring the country, meeting up with tribal chiefs, and all-in-all building the foundations for a strong image for his rule. With a government formed by Hamadou, Kerekou now finally has the chance to actually implement policy, but that remains to be seen.