United Kingdom | Church of England

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Church of England

Church House, Westminster.

Overview

Founder:	Augustine of Canterbury (United the early English church under papal jurisdiction) Henry VIII (Separated the church from papal jurisdiction) Thomas Cranmer (Author of the first liturgical rites of the church during the English Reformation)
Region:	England, Wales (cross-border parishes) Isle of Man Channel Islands Continental Europe Morocco
Abbreviation:	C of E
Classification:	Anglican
Orientation:	Broad Church (including high church, central and low church traditions)
Polity:	Episcopal
Theology:	Anglican Doctrine
Headquarters:	Church House, Westminster, Great Britain GB

Leadership

Supreme Governor:	H.I.H. George VI
Primate:	William Temple

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Church of Scotland

Motto:	Nec tamen consumebatur Yet it was not consumed

Overview

Founder:	John Knox
Origin:	1560 (Reformation Parliament)
Region:	Scotland
Abbreviation:	CoS
Classification:	Protestant
Orientation:	Reformed
Polity:	Episcopal
Theology:	Presbyterian

Leadership

Supreme Governor:	H.I.H. George VI
Primate:	Arthur Maclean

Church of England

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The Church of England (C of E) is the established Christian church in England and the mother church of the international Anglican Communion. It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Britain by the 3rd century and to the 6th-century Gregorian mission to Kent led by Augustine of Canterbury. The English church renounced papal authority in 1534 when Henry VIII failed to secure a papal annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. The English Reformation accelerated under Edward VI's regents, before a brief restoration of papal authority under Queen Mary I and King Philip. The Act of Supremacy 1558 renewed the breach, and the Elizabethan Settlement charted a course enabling the English church to describe itself as both Reformed and Catholic. In the earlier phase of the English Reformation there were both Roman Catholic martyrs and radical Protestant martyrs. The later phases saw the Penal Laws punish Roman Catholics and nonconforming Protestants. In the 17th century, the Puritan and Presbyterian factions continued to challenge the leadership of the church, which under the Stuarts veered towards a more Catholic interpretation of the Elizabethan Settlement, especially under Archbishop Laud and the rise of the concept of Anglicanism as a via media between Roman Catholicism and radical Protestantism. After the victory of the Parliamentarians, the Prayer Book was abolished and the Presbyterian and Independent factions dominated. The episcopacy was abolished in 1646 but the Restoration restored the Church of England, episcopacy and the Prayer Book. Papal recognition of George III in 1766 led to greater religious tolerance.

Church of Scotland

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The Church of Scotland (Scots: The Scots Kirk; Scottish Gaelic: Eaglais na h-Alba) is the national church in Scotland. The Church of Scotland's identity was principally shaped by John Knox, in the Reformation of 1560, when it split from the Catholic Church and established itself as a church in the reformed tradition. The church is Calvinist Presbyterian, having no head of faith or leadership group and believing that God invited the church's adherents to worship Jesus. The annual meeting of its general assembly is chaired by the Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland. The Church of Scotland celebrates two sacraments, Baptism and the Lord's Supper, as well as five other rites, such as Confirmation and Matrimony. The church adheres to the Bible and the Westminster Confession of Faith, and is a member of the World Communion of Reformed Churches.



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